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 Poetry
 It is the art of expressing oneself in verses.

 It uses words to convey its messages.
 It uses imagery or figures to express feelings or
create a mental picture or ideas.
3 Types of Poems According to

Form:
1. Lyric Poetry: It is any poem with one speaker (not necessarily the poet)
who expresses strong thoughts and feelings. Most poems, especially modern
ones, are lyric poems.

2. Narrative Poem: It is a poem that tells a story; its structure resembles the
plot line of a story [i.e. the introduction of conflict and characters, rising action,
climax and the denouement].

3. Descriptive Poem: It is a poem that describes the world that surrounds the
speaker. It uses elaborate imagery and adjectives. While emotional, it is more
"outward-focused" than lyric poetry, which is more personal and introspective.
Structure Of Poetry
Structure Of Poetry

STANZAS: Stanzas are a series of lines grouped together and separated by an
empty line from other stanzas.

couplet (2 lines)

tercet (3 lines)

quatrain (4 lines)

Quintain (5 lines)

sestet (6 lines) (sometimes it's called a sexain)

septet (7 lines)

octave (8 lines)
Structure Of Poetry

3. Enjambment – when there is no written or natural pause at the end of a
poetic

line, so that the word-flow carries over to the next line.

Example: the following lines from “Knoxville, Tennessee” by Nikki Giovanni
contain enjambment:

and listen to

gospel music

outside

at the church

homecoming
Sounds

1. Rhythm – the basic beat in a line of a poem.

Example: “Whose woods these are, I think I know”

2. Meter – a pattern of stressed and unstressed (accented
and unaccented)

syllables (known as a foot) in a line of poetry.

Example: In an iambic pentameter, the pattern is five iambic
(unaccented + accented)
Sounds

3. End Rhyme – same or similar sounds at the end of
words that finish different lines.

Example: The following are the first two rhyming lines
from “The King of Cats Sends a Postcard to His Wife” by
Nancy Willard:

Keep your whiskers crisp and clean,

Do not let the mice grow lean,
Sounds

4. Rhyme Scheme – a pattern of rhyme in a poem.

5. Assonance – the repetition of vowel sounds within words
in a line.

The children were nestled all snug in their beds.

7. Consonance – the repetition of consonant sounds within
words in a line.

Not a creature was stirring, not even a mouse
Sounds

8. Alliteration – the repetition of consonant sounds at the beginning of words.

Example: “Sarah Cynthia Sylvia Stout Would Not Take the Garbage Out”

9. Onomatopoeia – words that sound like their meaning.

Example: buzz, swish, hiss, gulp.

10. Repetition – sounds, words, or phrases that are repeated to add emphasis or

create rhythm.

Ex. Oh, her eyes, her eyes make the stars look like they are not shining.

Her hair, her hair falls perfectly without her trying...
Sounds

11. Refrain – a line or stanza repeated over and over
in a poem or song.

The woods are lovely, dark and deep,

But I have promises to keep,

And miles to go before I sleep,

And miles to go before I sleep.
POETIC FORMS

1. Acrostic – a poem in which the first letter of each
word forms a word – usually a name – if read downward.

2. Couplet – two lines of poetry that rhyme and usually
form one complete idea.

3. Haiku - a Japanese three-line poetic form – usually
about nature – with lines of three, seven, and five
syllables, respectively.
POETIC FORMS

4. Quatrain – a stanza made up of four lines, often containing a
rhyme scheme.

5. Cinquain – a five-line untitled poem, where the syllable
pattern increases by two for each line, except for the last line,
which ends in two syllables (2,4,6,8.2).

6. Limerick – a humorous rhyming poem written in five lines and
having a particular meter. Lines 1,2,5 rhyme one another while 3
and 4 rhyme together. It often begins with “There once was a…”
POETIC FORMS

7. Sonnet – a poem that is 14 lines long,
generally written in iambic pentameter.

Example: “Sonnet 116” by William Shakespeare.

8. Free Verse – a poem that does not follow a
predictable form or rhyme scheme or metric
pattern.
POETIC FORMS

9. Villanelle – a challenging poetic form that includes five tercets
(aba rhyme) followed by a quatrain (abaa rhyme) and a pattern of
repetition of lines 1 and 3 of the first stanza.

10. Ode – a poem that celebrates or praises something.

11. Lyric Poetry – poetry that expresses a poet’s personal
experience, feelings,and emotions.

12. Blank Verse – a poem written in iambic pentameter, but with
no rhyme.
POETIC FORMS

13. Concrete Poem – a poem that uses words to
form the shape of the subject of the poem (also
known as a “shape poem”).

14. Ballad – a poem that tells a story, usually
written in four-line stanzas.

15. Epic Poem – a long and heroic narrative poem
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

A mode of expression in which words are used
out of their literal meaning or out of their
ordinary.
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

1. Simile – a comparison of two unlike things, using the words like or as.

Example: “I read the shoreline like an open volume.”

2. Metaphor – a comparison of two unlike things, not using the words like
or as.

Example: “Franklin has a heart of gold.”

3. Personification – to ascribe human traits to non-human or non-living
things.

Example: “The wind whistled throughout the day.”
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

5- Hyperbole – the use of exaggeration to express strong
emotion or create a comical effect.

Example: “I‟m so hungry I could eat a hippo.”

6- Verbal Irony or Sarcasm – when you mean the
opposite of what you say.

Example: “My darling brother is the sweetest boy on
Earth,” she muttered sarcastically.
FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

6. Allusion- a reference to a familiar person, place,
or event.

Example: “Don’t act like a Romeo in front of her.”

7. Idiom- a cultural expression that cannot be taken
literally.

Examples: She is the apple of his eye.
Mood

The feeling that a poem creates in a reader.

It can be positive or negative.

Mood can be made with length of the
sentences, chosen words, and word sounds.
Mood

Example:
Short words and lines create a serious mood

I heard of poor.

It means hungry, no food.

No shoes, no place to live,

Nothing good.
Tone

It is the attitude a writer takes towards the subject or
audience of the poem.

Example: “The Crocodile” The subject of the poem
are crocodiles.

How cheerfully he seems to grin, The writers attitude towards
crocodile

How neatly spreads his claws, is that they are dangerous

And welcomes little fishes in

With gently smiling jaws!
Imagery

Language that appeals to the 5 senses.

Are “word pictures”

Helps the reader to experience familiar things in
a fresh way using the senses.
Imagery
Imagery

Example:

“There is a thing” by Jack Prelutsky

There is a thing

Beneath the stair These are image words

With slimy face

And oily hair

Reference:

https://www.slideshare.net/07437666/the-eleme
nts-of-poetry-13275885

https://elsapla.files.wordpress.com/2011/08/
poetry-elements-partial-list.pdf

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 Poetry

 It is the art of expressing oneself in verses.

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