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  • Survey Designs

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    HAIQA SHOAIB DINAR
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    The document discusses various aspects of survey design and administration. It outlines different types of survey items, rules for writing effective surveys, and methods for administering surveys both written and verbally. Specifically, it details longitudinal and cross-sectional survey research methods, noting that longitudinal surveys observe respondents over long periods of time while cross-sectional surveys collect insights at a single point in time. Ethics around voluntary participation, avoiding offense, and maintaining confidentiality are also covered.

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    The document discusses various aspects of survey design and administration. It outlines different types of survey items, rules for writing effective surveys, and methods for administering surveys both written and verbally. Specifically, it details longitudinal and cross-sectional survey research methods, noting that longitudinal surveys observe respondents over long periods of time while cross-sectional surveys collect insights at a single point in time. Ethics around voluntary participation, avoiding offense, and maintaining confidentiality are also covered.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    28 views13 pages

    Survey Designs

    Uploaded by

    HAIQA SHOAIB DINAR
    The document discusses various aspects of survey design and administration. It outlines different types of survey items, rules for writing effective surveys, and methods for administering surveys both written and verbally. Specifically, it details longitudinal and cross-sectional survey research methods, noting that longitudinal surveys observe respondents over long periods of time while cross-sectional surveys collect insights at a single point in time. Ethics around voluntary participation, avoiding offense, and maintaining confidentiality are also covered.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 13

    SURVEY DESIGNS

    Survey
    ✖ Survey Research is defined as the process of conducting research using surveys
    that researchers send to survey respondents.
    ✖ The data collected from surveys is then statistically analyzed to draw meaningful
    research conclusions.
    ✖ Non-experimental design
    ✖ Participants completing a survey or questionnaire
    ✖ Measurement tool for many research design
    ✖ Self-report or questionnaire
    Types of Survey Items
    ✖ Scale
    ✖ Open ended items
    ✖ Partially open ended
    ✖ Restricted items (likert scale)
    Rules of Writing Surveys
    ✖ Items must measure what you want to measure
    ✖ Responses should be consistently observed across participants and over the time
    ✖ Nine Rules
    ○ Keep it simple
    ○ Avoid double-barreled items
    ○ Neutral or unbiased language
    ○ Minimize use of negative wordings
    ○ Avoid response set pitfall
    ○ Use rating scales consistently
    ○ Limit the points on rating scale
    ○ Label or anchor rating scale points
    ○ Minimize survey length
    Administering Survey
    ✖ Written (electronic or print)
    ✖ Spoken (interviews)
    Interview Surveys
    ✖ Online/ Email: Online survey research is one of the most popular survey research
    methods today. The cost involved in online survey research is extremely minimal,
    and the responses gathered are highly accurate.

    ✖ Phone: Survey research conducted over the telephone (CATI) can be useful in
    collecting data from a more extensive section of the target population. There are
    chances that the money invested in phone surveys will be higher than other
    mediums, and the time required will be higher.

    ✖ Face-to-face: Researchers conduct face-to-face in-depth interviews in situations


    where there is a complicated problem to solve. The response rate for this method
    is the highest, but it can be costly.
    Survey, Sampling and nonresponse
    Bias
    ✖ Important to obtain high response rate
    ✖ Nonresponse bias
    ✖ 75% response rate should be obtained to minimize nonresponse bias
    ✖ Theoretical generalization
    ✖ Empirical generalization
    LONGITUDINAL SURVEY
     Longitudinal survey research involves conducting survey research
    over a continuum of time and spread across years and decades.
     The data collected using this survey research method from one time
    period to another is qualitative or quantitative.
     Respondent behavior, preferences, attitudes are continuously
    observed over time to analyze reasons for a change in behavior or
    preferences.
    For example, suppose a researcher intends to learn about the eating
    habits of teenagers. In that case, he/she will follow a sample of
    teenagers over a considerable period to ensure that the collected
    information is reliable. Often, cross-sectional survey research follows a
    longitudinal study.
    Pros and Cons
    ✖ Cheap and less time consuming
    ✖ Large sample is possible
    ✖ Specific moments in time

    ✖ Difficult to establish cause and effect


    ✖ No long term trends can be observed
    ✖ Timing may not be representative of behavior
    CROSS-SECTIONAL SURVEY
    ✖ Researchers conduct a cross-sectional survey to collect insights from a target
    audience at a particular time interval.
    ✖ This survey research method is implemented in various sectors such as retail,
    education, healthcare, SME businesses, etc.
    ✖ Cross-sectional survey research can either be descriptive or analytical. It is quick
    and helps researchers collected information in a brief period.
    ✖ Researchers rely on cross-sectional survey research method in situations where
    descriptive analysis of a subject is required.
    Pros and Cons
    ✖ Observe subjects in real time
    ✖ Can be observed cause and effect relationship
    ✖ Individual difference bias minimized
    ✖ Reduce recall bias

    Cons
    ✖ Expensive and time consuming
    ✖ Drop out chances
    ETHICS
    ✖ Do not coerce participants
    ✖ Survey shouldn’t be offensive
    ✖ No harassments
    ✖ confidentiality

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