Lecture 7 Wall System
Lecture 7 Wall System
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION
WA L L
Definitions
Functions
Types
Why build walls……….???
3
To divide countries
4
To define boundaries
5
As defence mechanisms
J. Byrne 2013 6
To protect cities
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To create cities
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To create building forms
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To form building structures
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To define buildings
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To create spaces
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To divide spaces
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DEFİNİTİONS
Wa l l s a r e t h e v e r t i c a l
building elements which
divide the spaces from
each other
a structure that defines
an area, carries a load;
provides security and
s a f e t y.
WA L L
External
External Load Bearing Wall
i. Curtain Wall
Internal walls Non-load Bearing Wall
ii. Parapet Wall
iii.Retaining Wall
Internal walls
i. Partition
ii. Spur / Free Standing
Wall
iii.Moveable Wall
T Y P E O F WA L L
External
Internal walls
WA L L : D E F I N I T I O N
2 main types:
1. External Wall
weather or the earth. Also called exterior wall. Exterior walls protect
3. Internal wall
divides the internal space, separates and gives aural and visual privacy
2. Thermal insulator.
3. Sound insulator.
8. As an aesthetic appeal.
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FA C T O R S I N D E S I G N I N G A N D
C O N S T R U C T I O N O F WA L L S :
1. Strength + Stability
Strong enough to safely resist the horizontal and vertical forces imposed
upon it.
Wind
2. Types of joints between building structure, floor and roof.
wall wall
– Sound penetration
– Wind – resistance uplift, shear and lateral
wind
forces while allowing ventilation into
buildings.
T Y P E O F WA L L
L o a d B e a r i n g Wa l l s
support floors above and the
roof.
serving as important
structural elements, bearing
walls transfer the weight of
the roof and upper floors to the
foundation.
T Y P E O F WA L L
T Y P E O F WA L L
Partition
are non-load bearing and do not support
anything. They act as space dividers
T Y P E O F WA L L
1. Curtain walls
A c u r t a i n w a l l s y s t e m i s a n
outer covering of a
building in which the
outer walls are non-
structural, but merely
keep the weather out and
the occupants in.
As the curtain wall is non-
structural it can be made
of a lightweight material,
reducing construction costs.
T Y P E O F WA L L
Moveable walls:
If space needs change often, you should consider
using moveable walls. Conference centers, office
spaces, etc.
offer an affordable and flexible solution for
commercial office interiors. For companies that
are renting space or often need to change
layouts, movable walls can be a good alternative to
traditional solid walls finished with drywall to
define offices, meeting spaces, and lounge areas.
T Y P E O F WA L L
Parapet Wall
- that part of the wall which is entirely above the
roof.
T Y P E O F WA L L
Freestanding:
walls that do not join adjacent wall at
both ends.
E.g.: Fireplaces in the center of rooms,
walls behind reception desks.
T Y P E O F WA L L
Retaining wall
a free-standing wall whose chief function is to resist the lateral
pressure of earth or other granular material
Party Wall
Aesthetics:
• formal walls have s m o o t h s u r f a c e s and are s y m m e t r i c a l i n
the window and door placements.
• They are also more closed with more of a vertical emphasis. I n f o r m a l
w a l l s a r e r o u g h , asymmetrical, and are more open with a horizontal
feel.
Function and Flexibility:
• They offer flexibility for tenants that experience change. Moveable walls
provide electrical and data lines (some even offer plumbing) built into the
wall system. The flooring is installed continuous so that the walls can be
moved and not require the flooring to be changed.
FA C T O R S T O C O N S I D E R W H E N P L A N N I N G WA L L S :
Light qualities:
Psychology of light. White reflects up to 89% of light and black reflect about
2%. Texture also plays a role. S m o o t h s u r f a c e s r e f l e c t m o r e
light that rough textures.
Durability:
the amount of t i m e a n d m o n e y n e e d e d t o m a i n t a i n t h e
w a l l s must be considered. This is your responsibility when specifying a
wall treatment to understand your clients needs.
Reinforced Masonry Walls:
Reinforced masonry walls can be load bearing walls or non-load bearing walls. The
use of reinforcement in walls helps it to withstand tension forces and heavy
compressive loads
The un-reinforced masonry walls are prone to cracks and failure under heavy compressive
loads and during earthquakes. They have little ability to withstand lateral forces during heavy
rain and wind. Cracks also develop in un-reinforced masonry walls due to earth pressure or
differential settlement of foundations.
To overcome such problems, reinforced masonry walls are used. Reinforcement in walls are
at required intervals both horizontally and vertically is used. The size of reinforcement, their
quantity and spacing are determined based on the loads on the walls and structural conditions.
Hollow Masonry Walls:
Hollow or Cavity masonry walls are used to prevent moisture reaching the interior of the
building by providing hollow space between outside and inside face of the wall. These walls
also helps in temperature control inside the building from outside wall as the hollow space
restricts heat to pass through the wall.