CHAPTER 15: RIZAL’S

SECOND SOJOURN IN
PARIS AND THE
UNIVERSAL
EXPOSITION OF 1889
UNIVERSAL EXPOSITION
OF 1889
World fair
100th anniversary of the
storming of Bastille
the symbol for the beginning
of the French Revolution
Absolute Monarchy was
overthrown by new
Enlightenment principles of
equality, citizenship and
inalienable rights
KIDLAT CLUB
It was founded by:
 Rizal
to bring together young
Filipinos in the French
capital
enjoy their sojourn in
the city during the
duration of the
Universal Exposition.
It will disappear:
 like lightning
(temporary nature)
INDIOS BRAVOS
proud of the name Indio
make our Spanish enemies
revise their conception of
the term
The Indios Bravos (brave
Indians) replaced :
the ephemeral Kidlat Club.
Members pledged:
to excel in intellectual and
physical prowess in order
to win the admiration of the
foreigners
sword and the pistol.
Judo
MAX HAVELAAR (Eduard Dekker)
 Max Havelaar, Dutch Colonial Administrator,
 tries to battle against a corrupt government
system in Java (Indonesia), which was a Dutch
colony
 Cultivation System , which mandated Indonesian
farmers to grow a quota of commercially tradable
crops
 such as tea and coffee, instead of growing
staple foods such as rice.
 tax collection system in which the collecting agents
 were paid by commission.
 resulting in poverty and widespread
starvation
 The novel raised the awareness of Europeans living
in Europe
 wealth that they enjoyed was the result of
suffering in other parts of the world.
 Max Havelaar is "the book that killed colonialism"
RDLM SOCIETY
initials of the society’s secret
name:
 Redencion de los Malayos
(Redemption of the the Malays).
The aim of the secret society:
“propagation of all useful
knowledge – scientific, artistic,
literary, etc. – in the Phil.”
(patterned after Freemasonry)
Letter to Blumentritt:
If it is impossible for me to give
freedom to my country
at least I should like to give it to
them in other lands (Borneo).
ANNOTATED EDITION OF MORGA PUBLISHED
Error: appraising the events of the past in
the light of present standards
Blumentritt on Rizal
abuses of the friars should not be construed
to mean the Catholicism is bad.

Dedicated to the Filipinos they would know of their glorious past

clothes, government, laws, writing, literature,

Filipinos were already civilized religion, arts, sciences, and commerce
before the advent of Spain
blasted the historical heresies of the Spanish vs
early Filipinos were savages and were of low
mentality.
THE PHILIPPINES
WITHIN A CENTURY
Rizal predicted:
tragic end of Spain’s
sovereignty in Asia.
Colonies established
to subserve the policy
and commerce of the
sovereign country
all eventually
become
independent
INDOLENCE OF THE FILIPINOS
Filipinos had abandoned
their pre-Spanish
industries and worked
less than their ancestors
people could not enjoy
the fruits of their labor
it is easier for a poor
man to enter heaven
than for a rich man
 PROJECT FOR FILIPINO COLLEGE IN
HONGKONG
A rich Filipino resident in Paris, Mr.
Mariano Cunanan, from Mexico,
Pampanga
promised to help him raise P40,000
as initial capital for the college.
This project of Rizal to establish a
modern college in Hong Kong
did not materialize
 POR TELEFONO
This satirical pamphlet
under the authorship of
“Dimas Alang” is:
a witty satire which
ridicules Fr. Font.
Rizal predicted much ahead
of his times that people
could carry on:
 overseas telephonic
conversations --- 12 years
after the publication of
Rizal’s “Por Telefono.”
CHAPTER 16: IN
BELGIAN
BRUSSELS
2 REASONS TO LEAVE
PARIS
The cost of living
in Paris was very
high
because of the
Universal
Exposition
The gay social life
of the city:
 hampered his
 NEW ORTOGRAPHY OF TAGALOG
LANGUAGE
The tagalong
letters k and w
should be used
instead of the
Spanish c and o.
Salacot =
salakot/ arao =
araw
RIZAL CRITICIZES MADRID FILIPINOS FOR GAMBLING
Rizal’s letter to del Pilar:
Coming to Europe to gamble
and to amuse himself ?
but to work for his liberty and
for the dignity of his race
We are serving the friars’
scheme
We in whom the poor people
place their modest hopes.
The gambling Filipinos in
Madrid:
were angry :Rizal’s moralizing
“Papa” (Pope) instead of
“Pepe”
BAD NEWS FROM HOME
The management of the
Dominican Hacienda:
 continually raised the land rents
 The Dominican Order filed a suit in
court :
 to dispossess the Rizal family of
their lands in Calamba.
 Jose’s letter to Soledad
 I have caused much harm to our
family
 raises us up and gives us more
dignity in the eyes of our
enemies
 to fall with the head high
 sad thing is to fall with the stain of
dishonor
PRESENTIMENT OF DEATH
Letter to del Pilar:
In my childhood I
had a strange belief
that I would not
reach 30 years of
age.
I am preparing
myself for death.
Laong Laan (Ever
Ready) is my true
name.
PREPARATION TO
GO HOME
He could not stay in
Brussels writing a
book:
while his family are
persecuted
I want to go back to
the Philippines
We are not making
any progress by
following prudence
DECISION TO GO TO MADRID
Something happened that
suddenly made him change his
plan.
letter from Paciano
lost the case against the
Dominicans in Manila
but they appealed it to the
Supreme Court in Spain
A lawyer was needed to
handle it in Madrid
Rizal wrote to del Pilar:
retaining the latter’s services as
lawyer.
ROMANCE WITH
PETITE JACOBY
niece of his
landladies
brought some
measure of cheer
to the despondent
Rizal, as he was
preparing for his
trip to Madrid
CHAPTER 17:
MISFORTUNES IN
MADRID
FAILURE TO GET JUSTICE FOR FAMILY
Associacion Hispano-Filipina
securing justice for the oppressed Calamba tenants
Liberal Spanish Newspapers

Minister of Colonies (Señor injustices committed by Gov.- Gen.Weyler & the

Fabie) Dominicans
Nothing came out of Rizal’s interview with Minister Fabie

El Resumen (Spanish Newspaper) Sympathized with the Filipino cause

parents had been forcibly ejected from their

Ejectment order by the Dominicans home

aid of the liberal Spanish statesmen statesmen merely gave him honeyed words
of sympathy and nothing else

Blumentritt urged Jose to see Queen

Regent Maria Cristina doesn’t have powerful friends to bring him to
her nor gold to grease the palms of
authorities
 DUEL
The duel was based on
a code of honour.
 Duels were fought not
so much to kill the
opponent as to gain
"satisfaction,"
to restore one's honour
by demonstrating a:
willingness to risk
one's life for it
ABORTED DUEL WITH ANTONIO LUNA
Luna was blaming Rizal
for his failure to win her
Because of jealousy
and the effects of
alcohol, Luna uttered
certain unsavory
remarks about
Nellie
Angered by the
slanderous remarks:
Jose challenged Luna
to a duel.
RIZAL CHALLENGES RETANA TO DUEL
 Wenceslao Retana:
 Used to attack the Filipinos,
including Rizal in various newspapers
in Madrid
 He wrote that the family and friends
of Rizal had not paid their rents so
that they were ejected from their lands
 Rizal was insulted and challenged him
to a duel
Retana apologized in the newspapers
for he believed that discretion is better
part of valor
 Because of the incident, Retana
developed a deep admiration for
Jose
Retana wrote Jose’s biography and
martyrdom
INFIDELITY OF LEONOR
RIVERA
One night he and
some friends attended
a play at Teatro Apolo
The loss of the
locket proved to be a
bad omen
Rizal received a letter
from Leonor,
announcing:
 her coming marriage
to an Englishman
RIZAL-DEL PILAR RIVALRY
Jose’s idealism:
was not shared by others who loved
wine, women, and cards
They resented Jose’s interference in
their private lives
Filipinos decided that a leader called
“Responsable” be voted
to direct the affairs of the Filipino
community and to determine the
editorial policy of the La Solidaridad
Del Pilar opposed the proposition
periodical be placed under the
control of the Responsable on the
ground that it was a private
enterprise
RIZAL ABDICATES HIS LEADERSHIP
The Filipinos were divided
into two hostile camps:
the Rizalistas and the
Pilaristas
Jose obtained the
necessary 2/3 vote and
became the
Responsable
But Jose graciously declined
the coveted position
than be the cause of
disunity and bitterness
among his countrymen
CHAPTER 18:
BIARRITZ VACATION
AND ROMANCE
WITH NELLY
BOUSTEAD
ROMANCE WITH NELLIE BOUSTEAD
Jose proposed marriage
to Nellie (rebound love
from Leonor)
Rizal’s marriage proposal
failed for two reasons:
He refused to give up
his catholic faith and
be converted to
Protestantism, as Nelly
demanded
Nelly’s mother did not
like Rizal as son-in-law
RIZAL STOPPED WRITING FOR LA SOLIDARIDAD
 Simultaneous with his retirement from the
Propaganda Movement
Rizal ceased writing articles for La
Solidaridad
 Del Pilar himself realized:
 the need for Rizal’s collaboration in both
the Propaganda Movement and in the La
Solidaridad newspaper
 Jose’s reply to del Pilar:
 Rizal denied any resentment
 He considered it very important to the
party that there be unity in the work
 More time to work on his novel
(completed in Biarritz)
 He wanted other Filipinos to work
also