CH 6

Chapter Six
Ethics and Professionalism of

Emerging Technologies
By Tesfahun N.
Outline
 Distinguish the link between ethics and technology.
 Understand general, professional and leadership ethical

questions.
 Explain
What digital privacy and its components ,why it is important.
 Understand the importance of accountability and trust in

emerging technologies.
 Identify the threats and challenges of emerging technologies

2
Technology and ethics
 Internet provided many benefits for society, allowing the

creation of new tools and new ways for people to
interact
 However, the Internet has not been without negative aspects
 It has created new concerns about privacy, and it has been
hampered by spam and viruses
 even as it serves as a medium for communication across the
globe, it threatens to cut off people who lack access to it
 Technology can serve to promote or restrict human rights
3
Technology and ethics
 Society should use emerging technologies to maximize the

benefits that they provide while minimizing the harms
 Ethics is particularly important for the accountancy profession
•Five basic principles of professional ethics :
 Integrity:-The quality of being honest and having strong moral
principles
 objectivity
 competence and due care,
 confidentiality:- the state of keeping or being kept secret or private
 professional behavior.
 However, the emergence of new technologies raises some new challenges
for the profession to address. 4
New ethical questions
 The increasing use of big data, algorithmic decision-making, and AI
can enable more consistent, evidence-based and accurate judgments
or decisions, often more quickly and efficiently
 However, these strengths can potentially have a darker side too,
throwing up questions around the ethical use of these fairly new
technologies
 questions are being asked regarding the interaction between
computers and humans
 How much reliance can we place on data and models?
 What is the role of human judgment?
 How do we ensure that we understand the decision-making
process? 5
Whatever the power of the machine, humans will still need to be

involved, so that people can be held accountable, or explain the
reasons behind a decision
A central problem of the ethics of technology is that it tends to
arrive too late
ethical issues are only recognized when the technology is already
on the market and problems arise during its widespread use
One central problem of this type of approach is that the future
is unknown
6
General ethical principles
1. Contribute to society and to human well-being, acknowledging that
all people are stakeholders in computing
2. Avoid harm
3. Be honest and trustworthy
4. Be fair and take action not to discriminate
5. Respect the work required to produce new ideas, inventions,
creative works, and computing artifacts
6. Respect privacy
7. Honor confidentiality
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 Professional responsibilities
1. Strive to achieve high quality in both the processes and products
2. Maintain high standards of professional competence, conduct, and
ethical practice.
3. Know and respect existing rules
4. Accept and provide appropriate professional review
5. Give comprehensive and thorough evaluations of computer systems and
their impacts, including analysis of possible risks
6. Perform work only in areas of competence
7. Foster public awareness and understanding
8. Access computing and communication resources only when authorized
9. Design and implement systems that are robustly and usably secure
8
Professional leadership principles
1. Ensure that the public good is the central concern
2. Articulate, encourage acceptance of and evaluate fulfillment of
social responsibilities
3. Manage man powers and resources
4. Articulate, apply, and support policies and processes
5. Create opportunities for members of the organization or group to
grow as professionals
6. Use care when modifying or retiring systems.
7. Recognize and take special care of systems that become
integrated into the infrastructure of society 9
Digital Privacy
Digital Privacy is the protection of personally identifiable or

business identifiable information
That is collected from respondents through information
collection activities
three sub-related categories digital privacy;
Information privacy,
Communication privacy
 individual privacy
It is often used in contexts on behalf of individual and
consumer privacy rights 10
Digital privacy
 Information Privacy
 is the notion that individuals should have the freedom, or
right, to determine how their digital information is
collected and used
 Communication Privacy
 Is the notion that individuals should have the freedom, or right, to
communicate information digitally with the expectation that their
communications are secure;
 Individual Privacy
 Is the notion that individuals have a right to exist freely on the internet
11
Digital privacy
Some digital privacy principles

Data Minimization:
collect the minimal amount of information
Transparency:
information will be provided in a clear manner
Accuracy:
Information collected will be maintained in a sufficiently
accurate, timely, and complete
Security:
Adequate physical and IT security measures will be implemented.
12
Accountability and trust
Emerging technologies can provide improved accuracy, better

quality and cost efficiencies for businesses in every sector
They can enhance trust in the organization’s

When emerging technology creates far-reaching and rapid change,
it can also bring new risks.
The solutions that can be used to better manage risk, increase

transparency and build confidence
The obligation of an individual or organization to account for

its activities, accept responsibility
13
Treats an Challenges
Ethical and regulatory challenges

 With Technology moving at a fast pace it is always been a
challenge for Security
 Need be aware ever-changing technology to keep pace with AI, IoT,
Big Data, Machine Learning, etc.
 With Growing needs Cyber & Data Security is getting prominence
to focus on security.
14
Treats an Challenges(Read by your self)
Emerging technologies are making an impact include:
1. Counter-terrorism and law enforcement informatics via predictive analytics and artificial
intelligence.
2. Real-time horizon scanning and data mining for threats and information sharing
3. Automated cybersecurity and information assurance
4. Enhanced Surveillance (chemical and bio-detection sensors, cameras, drones, facial recognition,
license plate readers)
5. Simulation and augmented reality technologies for training and modeling
6. Safety and security equipment (including bullet and bomb proof) made with lighter and stronger
materials
7. Advanced forensics enabled by enhanced computing capabilities (including future quantum
computing)
8. Situational awareness capabilities via GPS for disaster response and crisis response scenarios
9. Biometrics: assured identity security screening solutions by bio-signature: (every aspect of your
physiology can be used as a bio-signature. Measure unique heart/pulse rates, electrocardiogram
sensor, blood oximetry, skin temperature)
10.Robotic Policing (already happening in Dubai!) 15
 Ethical and regulatory challenges

 Challenges in using Artificial Intelligence
 Challenges in using Robotics in manufacturing
 Challenges in using the Internet of Things
 Challenges in Big Data
 Challenges in using Artificial Intelligence
 AI is only as good as the data it is exposed to
 How a business teaches and develops its AI will be the major
factor in its usefulness. .
16
Challenges in using Robotics in manufacturing

 As robots learn to teach each other and themselves, there is the
potential for much greater productivity but this also raises
ethical and cybersecurity concern.
Challenges in using the IoT
 connected many devices the amount of data being generated is
increasing.
 facing problem how to utilize the masses of data being
produced.
17
Challenges in Big Data

 Almost all the technologies mentioned above have some relation to
Big Data
 The huge amount of data being generated on a daily basis has the
potential to provide businesses with better insight into their
customers as well as their own business operations.
 Although data can be incredibly useful for spotting trends and
analyzing impacts, surfacing all this data to humans in a way that
they can understand can be challenging.
18
 Treats
 Some risks of emerging technology are:
 Driverless car: while a compelling option for future fleer cars, companies
could crash and burn from claims related to bodily injury and property
damage.
 Wearables: Google glass, Fitbit and other wearables can expose companies to
the invasion of privacy claims that may not be covered by general liability or
personal injury claims that weren’t foreseen
 Drones: Turbulence is in the offing for manufacturers and organizations that
fail to protect themselves for property damage and bodily injury, as well as
errors and omissions.
 Internet of things: The proliferation of sensors and cross-platform integration
creates potential exposure from privacy invasion, bodily injury and property19
damage that may connect an organization to huge liabilities.
Thank you
?
20

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CH 6

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Chapter Six

Ethics and Professionalism of

 Understand general, professional and leadership ethical

What digital privacy and its components ,why it is important.

 Understand the importance of accountability and trust in

 Identify the threats and challenges of emerging technologies

 Internet provided many benefits for society, allowing the

 Society should use emerging technologies to maximize the

Whatever the power of the machine, humans will still need to be

Digital Privacy is the protection of personally identifiable or

Some digital privacy principles

Emerging technologies can provide improved accuracy, better

They can enhance trust in the organization’s

The solutions that can be used to better manage risk, increase

The obligation of an individual or organization to account for

Ethical and regulatory challenges

 Ethical and regulatory challenges

Challenges in using Robotics in manufacturing

Challenges in Big Data

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