Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Day 2 - EDU 504
Day 2 - EDU 504
Literature Review
6 steps of Research
Analyzing and Specifying a
interpreting either purpose and
quantitative or research questions
qualitative data or hypotheses
Collecting either
quantitative or
qualitative data
Where can we find our Research Topic?
Area of interest
Documents – (e.g., Education Policy,
International declaration, Educational
document, Relevant documents)
Curriculum and Course contents
Practice in an institution/organization
Knowledge gap revealed in research/
Education related document
Research Topic Example
Want to Interest
do
Should
Time
Can do
Skill
Importance
do
Experienc
e
Knowledge
Resource
Steps for selecting a Research Problem
Example:
Broad: Secondary level of education
Specific (1): Assessment system of secondary education
Specific (2): Effect of assessment on students’ learning at
secondary level
Research Title
”
lived and imagined mobilities of
Bangladeshi higher education students in
Australia
Differentiate the problem
Summarizing
Paraphrasing
Direct quoting
Example
• According to Jones (1998), "students often had difficulty using APA
style, especially when it was their first time" (p. 199).
• Jones (1998) found "students often had difficulty using APA style" (p.
199); what implications does this have for teachers?
If you do not include the author’s name in the text of the sentence,
place the author's last name, the year of publication, and the page
number in parentheses after the quotation.
• She stated, "Students often had difficulty using APA style" (Jones,
1998, p. 199), but she did not offer an explanation as to why.
Research Question
••••
1. Descriptive questions
How frequently do (participants) (variable) at (research site )?
2. Relationship questions
How does (independent variable) relate to (dependent variable) for
(participants) at (research site)?
3. Comparison questions.
How does (group 1) differ from (group 2) in terms of (dependent
variable) for (participants) at (research site)?
Quantitative Research Question
◆ Ask questions that use neutral, exploratory language and refrain from conveying
an expected direction (or non-directional outcome if you are thinking like a
quantitative researcher).
Qualitative Research Question
gathering information
Analyzing and Interpreting the Data
• APA 7th
• Mendeley
• MLA
• Harvard system
• Chicago Style
• IEEE
References