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Pseudomonad Group
Pseudomonad Group
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Burkholderia pseudomallei Burkholderia mallei Burkholderia cepacia Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Other pseudomonads
LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this unit, the student is able to:
Pseudomonad group.
2. Explain the pathophysiology of diseases caused by
significant Pseudomonads;
3. Distinguish features of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonad Group
Gram negative, motile, aerobic rods Some may produce water-soluble pigments. Widely distributed in soil, water, plants &
P. aeruginosa P. fluorescens P. putida P. stutzeri P. mendocina B. pseudomallei B. mallei B. Ccpacia Ralstonia pickettii Comamonas species Acidovorax species Brevundimonas species Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
II.
III. IV. V
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Colonizes human
GIT and human skin
pyocyanin
pyoverdin
color ; BAP: some hemolyze blood Pigments: pyocyanin (blue); pyorubin (dark red); pyomelanin (black pigment); pyoverdin (green)
fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. Oxidase positive Do not ferment CHO but most strains oxidize glucose
Oxidation-Fermentation(O-F)media:
Conventional Fermentation Medium (CFM) with
of a carbohydrate. The OF test is used to determine whether a bacterium has the enzymes necessary for the aerobic breakdown of glucose (ie oxidation) and/or for the fermentation of glucose.
Method
Inoculate two tubes of OF medium for each organism being tested. Overlay one tube only with sterile paraffin oil/petroleum jelly (vaspar) to exclude all oxygen. Tubes are incubated at 37C for 48 hrs and results read by noting the color of the bromthymol blue indicator. If glucose is used, acid end-products are generated,
Oxidative-Fermentation Reaction
Fermentative Organisms
acid in both tubes fermentation occurs in closed environment
Oxidative organisms
organisms can also oxidize glucose Oxidation occurs in an open environment
Nonoxidizer
do not utilize glucose in either tube produce alkaline reaction
OPEN
CLOSED
RESULT
Yellow
Yellow Green
Green
Yellow Green
Oxidation
Oxidation/Ferme ntation No action on glucose
Motility/chemotaxis
flagella
phospholipase C and heat stable glycolipid) Exotoxin A tissue necrosis (blocks CHON synthesis) Endotoxin fever, shock.DIC and RDS
Wound and burn infection = blue green pus Meningitis = lumbar puncture UTI = catheters and or other instruments Necrotizing pneumonia = contaminated respirators Mild otitis externa = swimmers & diabetic pts. Eye infection Pseudomonal sepsis
Ecthyma gangrenosum
Smears:
Gram (-) rods
Culture:
BAP and differential media(Mac) Mac Conkey: NLF
Significant test:
Oxidase test Oxidative Fermentation Reaction Pigment production
because...
Success rate is slow Bacteria rapidly develops resistance
combination with aminoglycoside (tobramycin) Others: aztreonam, imipenem, newer quinolones (Ciprofloxacin), Cephalosporins (Ceftazidime Susceptibility test should be done
ASSIGNMENT:
Make a table of comparison of the following
organisms:
1. Burkholderia pseudomallei
2. Burkholderia mallei 3. Burkholderia cepacia
4. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Base on: GS, Cultural Cx, Motility, growth at 42, oxidase test, CHO utilization, specific tests for identification, disease caused,