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    Nikita Marie
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    1. The document discusses the Pseudomonad group of bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia cepacia, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. 2. Key learning objectives are to characterize significant Pseudomonads, explain diseases they cause, distinguish features of P. aeruginosa for diagnosis, and recognize their public health implications. 3. The document provides details on morphology, identification, antigenic structures, toxins, clinical findings, and treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.

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    1. The document discusses the Pseudomonad group of bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia cepacia, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. 2. Key learning objectives are to characterize significant Pseudomonads, explain diseases they cause, distinguish features of P. aeruginosa for diagnosis, and recognize their public health implications. 3. The document provides details on morphology, identification, antigenic structures, toxins, clinical findings, and treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.

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    78 views18 pages

    Pseudomonad Group

    Uploaded by

    Nikita Marie
    1. The document discusses the Pseudomonad group of bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Burkholderia pseudomallei, Burkholderia mallei, Burkholderia cepacia, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. 2. Key learning objectives are to characterize significant Pseudomonads, explain diseases they cause, distinguish features of P. aeruginosa for diagnosis, and recognize their public health implications. 3. The document provides details on morphology, identification, antigenic structures, toxins, clinical findings, and treatment of P. aeruginosa infections.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    of 18

    PSEUDOMONAD GROUP

    1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

    Pseudomonas aeruginosa Burkholderia pseudomallei Burkholderia mallei Burkholderia cepacia Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Other pseudomonads

    ACINETOBACTER OTHER UNCOMMON GRAM(-)BACTERIA

    LEARNING OBJECTIVES
    At the end of this unit, the student is able to:

    1. Characterize the significant organism under

    Pseudomonad group.
    2. Explain the pathophysiology of diseases caused by

    significant Pseudomonads;
    3. Distinguish features of the Pseudomonas aeruginosa

    for accurate laboratory diagnosis;


    4. Recognize their medical implications of significant

    Pseudomonads to public health.

    Pseudomonad Group
    Gram negative, motile, aerobic rods Some may produce water-soluble pigments. Widely distributed in soil, water, plants &

    animals Classification is based on rRNA/DNA homology and common cultural cx.

    Classification of some medically important Pseudomonads:


    rRNA Homology Group & subgroup I. Fluorescent Group Nonfluorescent Group Genus and Species

    P. aeruginosa P. fluorescens P. putida P. stutzeri P. mendocina B. pseudomallei B. mallei B. Ccpacia Ralstonia pickettii Comamonas species Acidovorax species Brevundimonas species Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

    II.

    III. IV. V

    Pseudomonas aeruginosa
    Colonizes human
    GIT and human skin

    Major human pathogen in the group. Invasive and toxigenic


    Causes infxn among people with abnormal host

    defenses Nosocomial pathogen = moist environment

    pyocyanin

    pyoverdin

    Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Morphology and Idenification


    Motile Gram (-) bacilli/rod (0.6 x 2 um) Arrangement: single, pairs or short chains CULTURE:
    Obligate aerobe and grows in ordinary media Odor: Sweet /grape like or corn taco-like Colony: smooth, round w/ fluorescent greenish

    color ; BAP: some hemolyze blood Pigments: pyocyanin (blue); pyorubin (dark red); pyomelanin (black pigment); pyoverdin (green)

    Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Morphology and Idenification


    Growth Cx:
    Grows at 37-42C Ability to grow at 42 C, differentiate it from other

    fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. Oxidase positive Do not ferment CHO but most strains oxidize glucose

    Oxidation-Fermentation(O-F)media:
    Conventional Fermentation Medium (CFM) with

    1% peptone Hugh & Leifsons oxidative-fermentative (0.02% low peptone) medium


    Principle:
    To determine the oxidative or fermentative metabolism

    of a carbohydrate. The OF test is used to determine whether a bacterium has the enzymes necessary for the aerobic breakdown of glucose (ie oxidation) and/or for the fermentation of glucose.

    Method
    Inoculate two tubes of OF medium for each organism being tested. Overlay one tube only with sterile paraffin oil/petroleum jelly (vaspar) to exclude all oxygen. Tubes are incubated at 37C for 48 hrs and results read by noting the color of the bromthymol blue indicator. If glucose is used, acid end-products are generated,

    the pH is lowered and the bromthymol blue indicator turns yellow.

    Oxidative-Fermentation Reaction
    Fermentative Organisms
    acid in both tubes fermentation occurs in closed environment

    Oxidative organisms
    organisms can also oxidize glucose Oxidation occurs in an open environment

    Nonoxidizer
    do not utilize glucose in either tube produce alkaline reaction

    OPEN

    CLOSED

    RESULT

    Yellow
    Yellow Green

    Green
    Yellow Green

    Oxidation
    Oxidation/Ferme ntation No action on glucose

    Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Antigenic Structures and Toxins


    Adhesins
    fimbriae (N-methyl-phenylalanine pili) polysaccharide capsule (glycocalyx) alginate slime (biofilm)

    Motility/chemotaxis
    flagella

    Bacteriocin (pyocin) Enzymes:


    Elastase, proteases, 2 hemolysins (heat labile

    phospholipase C and heat stable glycolipid) Exotoxin A tissue necrosis (blocks CHON synthesis) Endotoxin fever, shock.DIC and RDS

    Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Clinical Findings


    Wound and burn infection = blue green pus Meningitis = lumbar puncture UTI = catheters and or other instruments Necrotizing pneumonia = contaminated respirators Mild otitis externa = swimmers & diabetic pts. Eye infection Pseudomonal sepsis
    Ecthyma gangrenosum

    Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Diagnostic Laboratory Test


    Specimens:
    Skin lesions, pus, urine, blood, spinal fluid, sputum, and others

    Smears:
    Gram (-) rods

    Culture:
    BAP and differential media(Mac) Mac Conkey: NLF

    Significant test:
    Oxidase test Oxidative Fermentation Reaction Pigment production

    Pseudomonas aeruginosa: TREATMENT


    Should not be treated with single drug therapy

    because...
    Success rate is slow Bacteria rapidly develops resistance

    Penicillin based drug (ticarcillin or piperacillin) in

    combination with aminoglycoside (tobramycin) Others: aztreonam, imipenem, newer quinolones (Ciprofloxacin), Cephalosporins (Ceftazidime Susceptibility test should be done

    ASSIGNMENT:
    Make a table of comparison of the following

    organisms:
    1. Burkholderia pseudomallei
    2. Burkholderia mallei 3. Burkholderia cepacia

    4. Stenotrophomonas maltophilia

    Base on: GS, Cultural Cx, Motility, growth at 42, oxidase test, CHO utilization, specific tests for identification, disease caused,

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