Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Ch. 12 Solutions
Ch. 12 Solutions
Homogeneous Mixtures
(Solutions)
Solute Solvent
The substance that The substance that
dissolves does the dissolving
Heterogeneous Mixtures
• Suspensions
– Mixtures with large particles that will settle to the
bottom when left alone
– Can be filtered
– Soil in water
• Colloids
– Mixtures with medium size particles that won’t
settle
– Mayonnaise, milk
Electrolytes
• When a substance dissolves in water
and breaks into charged particles
• The charges can conduct electricity
– NaCl breaks into Na+ and Cl-
• Surface Area
• Temperature
Temperature and solvation
• For gases, increasing temperature
typically decreases solubility
• Unsaturated Solution
A solution that contains less dissolved solute
than it can hold for that T & P.
• Supersaturated Solution
Contains more dissolved solute that a
saturated solution at the same T & P.
Solubility
• Defined as the amount of a substance
that is required to form a saturated
solution at a specific temperature and
pressure
• Henry’s Law
– The solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly
proportional to the partial pressure of the
gas
How does energy change
when solutions form?
• When a solid dissolves, the solvent
breaks the intermolecular forces and
separates the particles
• Percent by Mass
• Percent by Volume
• Molarity
• Molality
Percent by Mass = mass of solute x 100%
mass of solution
Percent by mass = mass of solute x 100%
mass of solution
What is the percent by mass of NaCl in solution
when there are 0.0036 kg NaCl per 100.0 g of water?
What is the percent by mass of sugar in a solution
containing 21.4 g of sugar dissolved in 320.0 mL of
water?
There is 5004 g of solution. The percent by mass of
potassium hydroxide in the solution is 32.3%. How
many grams of potassium hydroxide are in the
solution?