3 Skeletal System
3 Skeletal System
SPORTS BIOMECHANICS
(SPS 260)
SKELETAL SYSTEM
INTRODUCTION
Living bone is an extremely dynamic tissue that is
continually modeled and remodeled by the forces
acting on it.
( Cortical bone )
Differences Between Types Of
Porous Bones
Cortical Bone
low porosity
5-30% bone volume is non-mineralized tissue
withstand greater stress but less strain before fracturing
Trabecular Bone
high porosity
30 - >90% bone volume is non-mineralized tissue
Trabeculae filled with marrow and fat
withstand more strain (but less stress) before fracturing
Compression
Stress to Fracture
Tension
Shear
Bone Response to Stress
Similarities Between Types Of Porous Bones
Skull, vertebrae,
sternum, & ribs
Type of Bones – Appendicular skeleton
Tarsal Carpal
Type of Bones – Flat bone
Skeletal structures that are largely flat in shape serve as extensive flat areas for
muscle attachment
Scapula (shoulder blade). The Sternum (breast bone), Cranium (skull), os
coxae (hip bone) Pelvis and Ribs
Scapula
Ribs
Sternum
Type of Bones – Irregular bone
Skeletal structures of irregular shape
protective layer of firm, flexible connective tissue over the articulating ends of long bones
have different shapes to fulfill special function in the human body
E.g. Sacrum, coccyx, maxilla, vertebra
Type of Bones – Long bone
Skeletal structures consisting of a long shaft with bulbous ends
occur mostly in the appendicular skeleton and function for weight-bearing and movement
humerus
tibia
Bone Growth & Development
BONE GROWTH &
DEVELOPMENT
Begins early in fetal development, and living bone is
continually changing in composition & structure
during lifespan.
Reproduced from J Bone Miner Res 2008;23:730-740 with permission of the American Society for Bone and
Mineral Research
Type II Osteoporosis
age associated osteoporosis
affects most women and men over 70 years of age
Symptoms:
painful, deforming and debilitating crush fractures of
vertebrae
usually of lumbar vertebrae from weight bearing activity, which leads
to height loss
estimated 26% of women over 50 suffer from these fractures