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Acids and Bases
Acids and Bases
Touch – Slippery
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Hydronium and hydroxide ions
• All water solutions contain hydrogen Ions ( H+) and hydroxide ions (OH -).
• Amounts of the two ions determine whether an aqueous solutions is acidic , basic ,or neutral.
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The Arrhenius Model
• The Arrhenius Model states that an acid is a substance that contains hydrogen and ionizes to produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution.
2) When the ionic compound sodium hydroxide dissolves in water , It dissociated to produce OH- ions ,which make the solution basic
NaOH(s) Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)
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The Bronsted-Lowry Model
• The Bronsted-Lowry Model of acids and bases ,an acid is a hydrogen-ion donor.
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• Ammonia----a Bronsted-Lowery base:-
All acids and bases that fit the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases also conform to the Bronsted-Lowery definition ;however, Some other substances that
lack a hydroxide group and cannot be considered bases according to the Arrhenius definition can be classified as bases according to the Bronsted- Lowery
model. One example of those substances is ammonia(NH3)
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Lewis model
• Lewis model is an electron-pair acceptor and a Lewis base is an electron-pair donor
This model includes all the substances classified as Bronsted-Lowery acids and bases.