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  • Acids and Bases

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    Mohamed Mamdouh
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    This document discusses the key properties and models of acids and bases. It outlines that acids have a sour taste and are soluble in water, while bases have a bitter taste and some are soluble. The Arrhenius model defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions in water and bases as those that produce hydroxide ions. The Bronsted-Lowry model expands this to include acids as hydrogen ion donors and bases as acceptors. The Lewis model defines acids as electron pair acceptors and bases as donors. Water can act as both an acid and base depending on the solution.

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    This document discusses the key properties and models of acids and bases. It outlines that acids have a sour taste and are soluble in water, while bases have a bitter taste and some are soluble. The Arrhenius model defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions in water and bases as those that produce hydroxide ions. The Bronsted-Lowry model expands this to include acids as hydrogen ion donors and bases as acceptors. The Lewis model defines acids as electron pair acceptors and bases as donors. Water can act as both an acid and base depending on the solution.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    10 views8 pages

    Acids and Bases

    Uploaded by

    Mohamed Mamdouh
    This document discusses the key properties and models of acids and bases. It outlines that acids have a sour taste and are soluble in water, while bases have a bitter taste and some are soluble. The Arrhenius model defines acids as substances that produce hydrogen ions in water and bases as those that produce hydroxide ions. The Bronsted-Lowry model expands this to include acids as hydrogen ion donors and bases as acceptors. The Lewis model defines acids as electron pair acceptors and bases as donors. Water can act as both an acid and base depending on the solution.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 8

    Acids and Bases

    By:- Mohamed Mamdouh/ Sherif Ashraf


    Class: 11C
    Physical Properties of Acids and Bases
    Properties Acids Bases

    Taste Sour Bitter

    Touch – Slippery

    Soluble in water Some bases are soluble in water.


    Solubility
    They are called alkalis.

    Electricity Conductors Conductors


    2
    Chemical properties of Acids and Bases
    • Litmus is one of the dyes commonly used to distinguish solutions of acids and bases.
    • Acidic solutions cause blue litmus paper to turn red ,while Basic solutions cause red litmus paper to turn blue.

    3
    Hydronium and hydroxide ions
    • All water solutions contain hydrogen Ions ( H+) and hydroxide ions (OH -).
    • Amounts of the two ions determine whether an aqueous solutions is acidic , basic ,or neutral.

    Acidic Solutions Basic solution


    OH -
    More Hydrogen ions More hydroxide ions
    than hydroxide ions than Hydrogen ions

    4
    The Arrhenius Model
    • The Arrhenius Model states that an acid is a substance that contains hydrogen and ionizes to produce hydrogen ions in aqueous solution.

    Examples of Arrhenius acids and Bases:-


    1)When hydrogen chloride gas dissolves in water , HCL molecules Ionize to form H+ ions ,which make the solution acidic.
    HCL(g) H+(aq)+CL-(aq)

    2) When the ionic compound sodium hydroxide dissolves in water , It dissociated to produce OH- ions ,which make the solution basic
    NaOH(s) Na+(aq) + OH-(aq)

    5
    The Bronsted-Lowry Model
    • The Bronsted-Lowry Model of acids and bases ,an acid is a hydrogen-ion donor.

    Hydrogen ion donors and acceptors:-

    HX(aq) + H2O(I) = H3O+(aq) + X-(aq)


    Acid base conjugate acid conjugate base

    Conjugate acids and bases:-


    Conjugate acid: is the species produced when a base accepts a hydrogen ion.
    Conjugate base: is the species that results when an acid donates a hydrogen ion.
    Conjugate acid-base pair; consists of two substances related to each other by the donating and accepting of a
    single hydrogen ion.

    6
    • Ammonia----a Bronsted-Lowery base:-
    All acids and bases that fit the Arrhenius definition of acids and bases also conform to the Bronsted-Lowery definition ;however, Some other substances that
    lack a hydroxide group and cannot be considered bases according to the Arrhenius definition can be classified as bases according to the Bronsted- Lowery
    model. One example of those substances is ammonia(NH3)

    Water----a Bronsted-lowery acid and base:-


    Depending on what other substances are in the solution, Water can act as either an acid or a base.
    Water and other substances that can act as both acids and bases are said to be amphoteric.

    7
    Lewis model
    • Lewis model is an electron-pair acceptor and a Lewis base is an electron-pair donor
    This model includes all the substances classified as Bronsted-Lowery acids and bases.

    Electron pair donors and acceptors:-


    The role of the electron reaction pair is illustrated through the following Lewis structures.

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