Chapter3 Soilexploration Feb2020
Chapter3 Soilexploration Feb2020
EXPLORATION
PRACTICE
1. Aerial photography :
• geological information of a very widespread area
• observe the general topographical of the area such as the existence of
creek, river or any large body of water such as lake.
2. Site visit :
• closer view on the project site and report on the observation shall be
made.
• more detailed surface topographical and observation of sub surface from
the surface conditions such as erosion, cut area, ditches and slope failure.
• unusual condition : sanitary landfill, dump area – deserves particular
attention.
• Water presence – major consideration in working with soil, potential soil
stabilization work and history of flood.
• With all general information in hand, the step is boring of
the sub-soil.
The advantages :-
a) Engineer can make inspection
by viewing the exposed walls
b) Taking color photographs of
soil in its natural condition and
c) Taking undisturbed samples.
Core Boring
The type of sampler with three times the size of other sampler
with the core size of 74 mm diameter and it needs an H-casing.
Pumped materials contain mixture of bentonit and mud.
Advantages :
Less disturbance to samples
Has a stable sampling container.
Accurate control on the length and depth of samples.
Disadvantages : Higher cost
Only experienced operator shall do the sampling works.
Time consuming
Specific preparation is needed.
Continuous maintenance is mandatory
In situ Testing
(1) Standard Penetration Test (SPT)
Method to correct-N-value
i. Human error :
- Falling height less than 280 mm produce deeper penetration for a single blow,
- Forced blows give results to lower blow count,
- Depth of penetration is not marked correctly
- Position of rod that is not at right angle with the ground surface, will result in
bending in penetration hence produce inaccurate data.
Data plot
Figure 3.25: Chart for
bearing capacity
versus number of
blows/0.3m
Figure 3.25 only used to estimate the bearing capacity of soil layer for the number of
blows/300mm between 0 – 100 only.
Therefore for soil layer harder than this use of equation from Terzaghi dan Meyerhof is
more appropriate or data from SPT test.
3) BORE LOG REPORT
4) RESULTS OF LAB TEST