Science 6 Q4 Week 1 Cont

Changes on the
Earth’s Surface as a
Result of Earthquakes
1. Which of the following is
an effect of an earthquake?
A. environmental pollution
B. global pandemic
C. tsunami wave
D. weather disturbance
2. Severe injuries in people caused
by collapsed infrastructure, falling
debris, and flash floods during an
earthquake may cause __________.
A. death of people
B. burning of house
C. liquefaction of soil
D. deformation of grounds
3. Which of the following may result
from broken gas pipes and contact
of live wires during an earthquake?
A. building fire
B. tsunami wave
C. rock landslide
D. environmental pollution
4. Which of the following best
describes a landslide?
A. Loose rocks and soil slide down
the mountain.
B. Giant waves reach the shorelines.
C. Parts of the ground open up.
D. Ground softens.
5. Among the harmful effects of
earthquake, which one below
should be the priority?
A. loss of lives
B. formation of land
C. burning of houses
D. destruction of infrastructure
1. C. tsunami wave
2. C. liquefaction of soil
3. A. building fire
4. A. Loose rocks and soil slide
down the mountain.
5. A. loss of lives
What is an
earthquake?
Earthquakes are
vibrations or
tremors
produced in the
earth’s outer
layer or crust.
An earthquake
can be tectonic
or volcanic.
Tectonic
earthquake
occurs when parts
of the earth’s crust
break and the rocks
along a fault slide
close to each other
or away from each
other. This is called
faulting.
An earthquake
may also be
volcanic. Tremors
are often
produced to
signal an
upcoming
volcanic eruption
in a vicinity or
region.
Focus is a break in the ground caused by the pressure
of the moving rock. It is the place where the
earthquake originates.
Epicenter is the point or line on the earth’s
surface directly above the focus of an
earthquake.
The study of earthquakes is called
seismology.
Scientists or experts in this field are
called seismologists.
PACIFIC
RING OF
FIRE
The Ring of Fire is a Pacific region home to over
450 volcanoes, including three of the world’s four
most active volcanoes - Mount St. Helens in the USA,
Mount Fuji in Japan and Mount Pinatubo in the
Philippines. It is also sometimes called the circum-
Pacific belt.
Around 90% of the world's earthquakes occur in
the Ring of Fire, and 80% of the world’s largest
earthquakes.
What are the
effects of
earthquakes?
1. Damage to infrastructures - Earthquakes can
cause great damages to buildings, roads,
railroads, factories, dams, bridges, etc.
2. Landslides - The shocks
produced by earthquakes
particularly in hilly areas
and mountains which are
tectonically sensitive
causes landslides and
debris fall on human
settlements and transport
system on the lower slope
segments, inflicting
damage to them.
3. Fires - The strong
vibrations caused by severe
earthquakes strongly shake
the buildings and thus
causing severe fires in
houses, mines, and
factories because of
overturning of cooking gas,
breaking of gas pipes,
contact of live electric
wires, churning of blast
furnaces, and displacement
of other fire related and
electric appliances.
4. Flashfloods - Strong
seismic waves can damage
dams thereby causing
severe flash floods. This
can also happen as a
result of the blocking of
the water flow of rivers
due to rocks and debris
produced by severe
tremors in the hill slopes
facing the river valleys.
Sometimes the blockage is
so severe that rivers
change their main course.
5. Deformation of
ground surface - Severe
tremors and resultant
vibrations caused by
earthquakes result in
the deformation of
ground surface because
of the rising and
sinking of ground
surface and faulting
activity (formation of
faults).
6. Tsunamis - The
seismic waves caused
by earthquake
(measuring more
than 7 on Richter
scale) travelling
through sea water
generate high sea
waves and cause
great loss of life and
property.
7. Liquefaction - It
is the ground
failure or loss of
strength that
causes otherwise
solid soil to behave
temporarily as a
liquid due to
ground shaking.
8. Loss of lives -
Severe injuries from
collapsed buildings
and infrastructure,
falling debris,
suffocation, and
drowning due to
tsunami and flash
floods during an
earthquake may cause
death among people.
Rearrange the jumbled letters
to form the correct word or
phrase. Match the word or
phrase with the given
description. Write the letter of
your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
Disaster Preparedness
on Earthquake and
Volcanic Eruption
In the previous lesson you have learned that
earthquakes and volcanic eruptions can greatly
affect changes on the Earth’s surface. You have
learned that these changes affect the people, animals,
and plants in many ways. This time, you will learn
the different ways or emergency preparedness that
you must do before, during, and after the earthquake
and volcanic eruptions.
Have you ever experienced or joined an earthquake
drill?
What did you do?

To avoid accidents
caused by
unforeseen events
it is always wise to
be prepared in
order to be ready
to be secured and
safe.
Our country is susceptible to
different disasters such as
earthquake. Therefore, it is a
must for us to prepare and
ensure our safety.
There are several things we
can do before, during, and
after an earthquake. These
include the following:
BEFORE AN EARTHQUAKE
It is essential for individuals, families,
organizations, and communities to know the
risks, make a plan, prepare a disaster kit, and
remove, relocate, or secure anything that may
drop and hurt someone, tumble and block an
exit, fall and start a fire.
DURING AN EARTHQUAKE
DROP to the ground; take COVER by getting
under a tough table or other piece of furniture; and
HOLD ON until the shaking stops. If there is no
table or desk near you, cover your face and head
with your arms and go. Do not run out of the
building during the shaking as objects may fall off
and may cause serious damages or death.
AFTER AN EARTHQUAKE
Safely vacate the area. Be reminded that
aftershocks may happen. These additional
shaking events can be strong enough to do
additional damage to already weakened
structures and can occur in the first hours,
days, weeks, or even months after the main
earthquake.
A volcano shows sign of possible
eruption, like earthquakes, increasing
emission of steam, and rumbling
sounds. Therefore, it is possible to
make precautions for safety before,
during, and after volcanic eruption.
BEFORE A VOLCANIC
ERUPTION
Be aware of any unusual volcanic activity. Listen
to the radio or to people of authority for safety
instructions. Prepare emergency supplies like
flashlights, candles, matches, and first aid kit. Stock
some food and water and evacuate if necessary. Be
ready with your face mask to protect the nose and
mouth from ashfall and smog.
DURING A VOLCANIC
Stay indoors. ERUPTION
Cover your nose with a mask or
damp cloth when volcanic ash or dust is present in
the air. Keep your food and water covered. Stay
away from low places because rocks, lava, and
mudflows are likely to flow towards low-lying areas.
Stay in the evacuation center and wait for further
announcements if it is safe to go back to your house
while the volcano is erupting.
AFTER A VOLCANIC ERUPTION
After the eruptions, do not go back home
right away. Wait for instructions on when it is
safe to return home. Avoid crossing a bridge
when lahar flows under it. Remove ash from
your roofs. Check if your drinking water is
clear and if the electrical wirings at home are
intact and safe.
Identify if the pictures show
what is to be done before,
during, or after an earthquake.
Write Before, During, and After.
Write your answers on a
separate sheet of paper.
HOME-BASED ACTIVITY (Science 6
Learning Task 1: Create a table for the things or plans
that you should do before, during, and after an
earthquake and volcanic eruption. Do these in a short
bond paper.
Learning Task 2: List some safety tips to protect yourself

against the harmful effects of earthquakes and volcanic
eruptions. ½ crosswise

Science 6 Q4 Week 1 Cont

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What did you do?

Learning Task 2: List some safety tips to protect yourself

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