Cpu

CPU
AMD Athlon Pentium -4

CPU without Pins LGA 775
CPU with Pins until Pentium-D
Socket 7 for Pentium -1 Processor
Front Bus Frequencies: 400 MHz - 800 Compatible package types:
MHz (100 MHz - 200 MHz ) 478-pin micro FC-PGA
Socket size: 1.38" x 1.38" (3.5 x 3.5 cm) 478-pin micro FC-PGA2
Number of contacts: 478 Compatible processors:
Processors Intel Pentium 4 (1.4 - 3.4
GHz)
Intel Celeron (1.7 - 3.2 GHz)
Celeron D (to 3.2 GHz)
Intel Pentium 4 Extreme Edition (3.2,
3.4 GHz)
This socket has currently been
replaced with socket 775.
Bus Frequencies: 100 MHz, 133 MHz, 166 MHz and 200 MHz
Number of contact pins: 462 pin holes
Compatible Processors include the following:
AMD Athlon (650 MHz - 1400 MHz)
AMD Athlon XP (1500+ - 3300+)
AMD Duron (600 MHz - 1800 MHz)
AMD Sempron (2000+ - 3300+)
AMD Athlon MP (1000 MHz - 3000+)
Compatible package types:
462-pin ceramic Pin Grid Array (PGA) package, 462-pin organic PGA
CPU PACKAGES
FC-PGA Package Flip Chip Ping Grid Array
Pentium-111 and Celoron Processors

FC-PGA2 Package Type
P-1V P-111
an Integrated Heat Sink (IHS)

PGA Package
Intel Xeon™ processor, which has 603 pins.

OOI is short for OLGA. OLGA stands for Organic
Land Grid Array
The OOI is used by the Pentium 4 processor, which has 423

pins.
better signal integrity, more efficient heat removal and lower
inductance
PPGA is Plastic Pin Grid Array
To improve thermal conductivity, the PPGA uses a nickel plated copper heat slug
on top of the processor. The PPGA package is used by early Intel Celeron
processors, which have 370 pins.
S.E.C.C. is short for Single Edge Contact Cartridge
To connect to the motherboard, the processor is inserted into a slot.

Instead of having pins, it uses goldfinger contacts, which the processor uses to
carry its signals back and forth
The S.E.C.C. package was used in the Intel Pentium II processors, which have
242 contacts and the Pentium® II Xeon™ and Pentium III Xeon processors, which
have 330 contacts.
L2 Cache memory is added inside the package
In the original PC design (the IBM XT), the CPU,
RAM and I/O devices (which we will come to later)
were connected on one and the same bus, and
everything ran synchronously (at a common speed).
The CPU decided which clock frequency the other
devices had to work at:
In this architecture, the I/O bus is separate from the system
bus (80386).
The I/O devices (graphics card, hard disk, etc.) were
separated from the system bus and placed on a separate low
speed bus. This was because they couldn’t keep up with the
clock frequencies of the new CPU versions.
The connection between the two buses is managed by a
controller, which functions as a “bridge” between the two
paths.
Clock doubling
An external clock frequency
An internal clock frequency
486 was given a built-in L1 cache, to reduce the
imbalance between the slow RAM and the fast processor
Overclocking
In the case of the Pentium II and III, the system bus was increased
to 100 and 133 MHz, with the internal clock frequency set to a
multiple of these.
Gigantic cooler with two fans and pure silver contact surfaces.
Silverado, a German product which is used for overclocking CPU’s
Single Pentium 4 logically can function as if there are physically two
processors in the pc. The processor core (with its long pipelines) is
simply so powerful that it can, in many cases, act as two processors
A dual core processor with Hyper Threading operates as virtual quad-processor.
Intel also produces EE-versions of the Pentium 4. EE is for Extreme Edition, and
these processors are extremely speedy versions carrying 2 MB of L2 cache.
A dual-core processor consists of two complete execution

cores in one physical processor , both running at the same
frequency. Both cores share the same packaging and the same
interface with the chipset and memory.
32 vs. 64 bit
It is basically the addressable memory space of a CPU. A
32-bit CPU can address 2^32 or 4GB of memory space,
whereas a 64-bit CPU can address 2^64 bits of memory
space, which is huge. Note that the OS also must support
64-bit functionality to use 64-bit hardware. The AMD Athlon
64 line, the Intel Core 2 Duo, and some Intel Pentium CPUs
are capable of running a 64-bit OS.
Windows XP and Vista are available in both 32 bit and 64 bit

operating systems. Old 16-bit software, supported under
regular 32-bit XP, doesn't work under XP x64. 32-bit
applications run under Windows XP x64 (64-bit version of
Windows XP) but use special mode. However, 32-bit
applications will not be using performance gains associated
with 64-bit system. On the other hand, 32 bit XP OS can
support 16-bit software. Driver support is also a big issue with
64-bit OS. Most of the peripheral manufacturers are yet to
develop drivers for 64-bit OS.
Name Date Transistors Microns Clock speed Data width MIPS
8080 1974 6,000 6 2 MHz 8 bits 0.64
16 bits
8088 1979 29,000 3 5 MHz 0.33
8-bit bus
80286 1982 134,000 1.5 6 MHz 16 bits 1

80386 1985 275,000 1.5 16 MHz 32 bits 5
80486 1989 1,200,000 1 25 MHz 32 bits 20
32 bits
Pentium 1993 3,100,000 0.8 60 MHz 100
64-bit bus
32 bits
Pentium II 1997 7,500,000 0.35 233 MHz ~300
64-bit bus
32 bits
Pentium III 1999 9,500,000 0.25 450 MHz ~510
64-bit bus
32 bits
Pentium 4 2000 42,000,000 0.18 1.5 GHz ~1,700
64-bit bus
Pentium 4 32 bits
2004 125,000,000 0.09 3.6 GHz ~7,000
"Prescott" 64-bit bus
System bus Clock Internal clock Cache Socket
CPU facto frequency
r
Pentium 66 MHz 1.5 100 MHz Socket-7
Pentium MMX 66 MHz 2.5 166 MHz Socket-7
Pentium II 66 MHz 4.5 300 MHz Slot
Pentium II 100 MHz 6 600 MHz Slot
Celeron 100 MHz 8 800 MHz
Pentium III 133 MHz 9 1200 MHz Socket 370
AthlonXP 133 MHz x 2 13 1733 MHz Socket 370
AthlonXP+ 166 MHz x 2 13 2167 MHz

Pentium 4 400 MHz 1.3 GHz-2.6GHz 423,478
Pentium 4 533 MHz 2.26GHz-3.06GHz 423,478,lga 775
Pentium 4 800 MHz 3.0GHz-3.8GHz 423,478,lga 775
Pentium –Dual 533 1.06-2.33 GHz 2-6MB LGA 775

core 667
Intel Core-2 Duo 800 1.86 GHz-2.6 GHz 2-6MB LGA 775
1066 1.86 GHz-2.8 GHz
1333 2.33 GHz-3.33 GHz
Intel Core-2 Quad 1066 2.4 GHz-2.66 GHz 4-12 MB LGA 775
1333 2.33 GHz-3 GHz
Intel Core i 7 1600 2.66GHz-3.2GHz 8 MB LGA 1366
Water cooling system by swiftech for CPU and Chipset

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CPU

AMD Athlon Pentium -4

Pentium-111 and Celoron Processors

an Integrated Heat Sink (IHS)

Intel Xeon™ processor, which has 603 pins.

The OOI is used by the Pentium 4 processor, which has 423

To connect to the motherboard, the processor is inserted into a slot.

A dual-core processor consists of two complete execution

Windows XP and Vista are available in both 32 bit and 64 bit

8080 1974 6,000 6 2 MHz 8 bits 0.64

80286 1982 134,000 1.5 6 MHz 16 bits 1

AthlonXP+ 166 MHz x 2 13 2167 MHz

Pentium –Dual 533 1.06-2.33 GHz 2-6MB LGA 775

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