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  • Cycloalkanes

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    Angel Kate Padilla
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    Cycloalkanes are cyclic hydrocarbons where the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring. They contain only carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon single bonds. The smallest cycloalkane is cyclopropane. Cycloalkanes include common molecules like cyclopentane and cyclohexane. Their properties are important for understanding biological processes.

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    Cycloalkanes are cyclic hydrocarbons where the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring. They contain only carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon single bonds. The smallest cycloalkane is cyclopropane. Cycloalkanes include common molecules like cyclopentane and cyclohexane. Their properties are important for understanding biological processes.

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    49 views9 pages

    Cycloalkanes

    Uploaded by

    Angel Kate Padilla
    Cycloalkanes are cyclic hydrocarbons where the carbon atoms are arranged in a ring. They contain only carbon-hydrogen and carbon-carbon single bonds. The smallest cycloalkane is cyclopropane. Cycloalkanes include common molecules like cyclopentane and cyclohexane. Their properties are important for understanding biological processes.

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    What are cycloalkanes?

     Cycloalkanes are cyclic hydrocarbons, meaning that


    the carbons of the molecule are arranged in the form
    of a ring.
     Cycloalkanes are also saturated, meaning that all of
    the carbons atoms that make up the ring are single
    bonded to other atoms (no double or triple bonds).
     There are also polycyclic alkanes, which are
    molecules that contain two or more cycloalkanes that
    are joined, forming multiple rings.
    The general formula for a cycloalkane is nH2n���2�.

    Cycloalkanes only contain carbon-hydrogen bonds


    and carbon-carbon single bonds

    Cycloalkanes, the carbon atoms are joined in a ring.


    The smallest cycloalkane is cyclopropane.

    The general formula for a cycloalkane is CnH2n


    Cycloalkanes may have multiple substituents or
    functional groups that further determine their unique chemical
    properties.

    The most common and useful cycloalkanes in organic


    chemistry are cyclopentane and cyclohexane, although other
    cycloalkanes varying in the number of carbons can be
    synthesized.

    Understanding cycloalkanes and their properties are crucial


    in that many of the biological processes that occur in most
    living things have cycloalkane-like structures.
    The naming of cycloalkanes follows a simple set of rules that
    are built upon the same basic steps in naming alkanes.
    Cyclic hydrocarbons have the prefix "cyclo-".
    Physical Properties
    Cyclopropane and cyclobutane are gases at ordinary
    temperatures; the remaining cycloalkanes are liquids.

    Their melting points and boiling points show a gradual rise with the
    increase in molecular weight.

    They are all lighter than water.

    They are insoluble in water but are soluble in organic solvents


    such as ethers and alcohols.
    Nomenclature
     The name of unsubstituted cycloalkane is obtained by
    attaching the prefix cyclo to the name of the
    corresponding normal alkane having the same number
    of carbon atoms as in the ring.
     Substituentsin the ring are named, and their positions
    are indicated by numbers. The ring is numbered so
    that the carbon bearing the substituents will have
    lowest possible number.
    EXAMPLE
    S

    1-diethyl,3-proprylcyclohexane

    1-ethyl,3-ethyl,5-methyl, 7methylcyclononane

    1-ethyl,4-ethyl,5methylcycloheptane
    Naming Cycloalkanes
    1 2 3
    .

    4 5 6

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