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    Cholecystitis

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    MYKRISTIE JHO MENDEZ
    Gallstones are hard deposits that can form in the gallbladder, made of cholesterol or bilirubin. Gallstones and inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis) are usually associated. Cholecystitis can be acute (sudden onset of pain and swelling) or chronic (persistent swelling and damage). Symptoms include pain in the upper right abdomen that may spread to the back, nausea, vomiting, fever and tenderness. Causes are usually gallstones, and risk factors include being female, pregnant, obese or older. Diagnosis involves abdominal ultrasound or HIDA scan. Treatment focuses on pain relief, antibiotics if infected, and sometimes surgery to remove the gallbladder.

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    Cholecystitis

    Uploaded by

    MYKRISTIE JHO MENDEZ
    16 views20 pages
    Gallstones are hard deposits that can form in the gallbladder, made of cholesterol or bilirubin. Gallstones and inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis) are usually associated. Cholecystitis can be acute (sudden onset of pain and swelling) or chronic (persistent swelling and damage). Symptoms include pain in the upper right abdomen that may spread to the back, nausea, vomiting, fever and tenderness. Causes are usually gallstones, and risk factors include being female, pregnant, obese or older. Diagnosis involves abdominal ultrasound or HIDA scan. Treatment focuses on pain relief, antibiotics if infected, and sometimes surgery to remove the gallbladder.

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    Cholecystitis (1)

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    Gallstones are hard deposits that can form in the gallbladder, made of cholesterol or bilirubin. Gallstones and inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis) are usually associated. Cholecystitis can be acute (sudden onset of pain and swelling) or chronic (persistent swelling and damage). Symptoms include pain in the upper right abdomen that may spread to the back, nausea, vomiting, fever and tenderness. Causes are usually gallstones, and risk factors include being female, pregnant, obese or older. Diagnosis involves abdominal ultrasound or HIDA scan. Treatment focuses on pain relief, antibiotics if infected, and sometimes surgery to remove the gallbladder.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    16 views20 pages

    Cholecystitis

    Uploaded by

    MYKRISTIE JHO MENDEZ
    Gallstones are hard deposits that can form in the gallbladder, made of cholesterol or bilirubin. Gallstones and inflammation of the gallbladder (cholecystitis) are usually associated. Cholecystitis can be acute (sudden onset of pain and swelling) or chronic (persistent swelling and damage). Symptoms include pain in the upper right abdomen that may spread to the back, nausea, vomiting, fever and tenderness. Causes are usually gallstones, and risk factors include being female, pregnant, obese or older. Diagnosis involves abdominal ultrasound or HIDA scan. Treatment focuses on pain relief, antibiotics if infected, and sometimes surgery to remove the gallbladder.

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    CHOLECYSTITIS

    GALL BLADDER
    GALLSTONES

    Gallstones are hard, pebble-like pieces of material, usually


    made of cholesterol or bilirubin, that develop in the
    gallbladder

    It's not clear what causes gallstones to form. Doctors think


    gallstones may result when:

    • The bile contains too much cholesterol.


    • The bile contains too much bilirubin.
    • The gallbladder doesn't empty correctly.
    2 TYPES OF GALLSTONES

    Types of gallstones that can form in


    the gallbladder include:

    • Cholesterol gallstones.
    • Pigment gallstones.
    CHOLECYSTITIS

    = GALLBLADDER = CYSTIC DUCT


    CHOLE CYST

    INFLAMATION = ITIS
    CHOLECYSTITIS
    Cholecystitis (Inflammation of the
    gallbladder can be acute or chronic) usually
    associated with gallstones impacted in the cystic
    duct. Stones (calculi) are made up of cholesterol,
    calcium bilirubinate, or a mixture caused by changes
    in the bile composition. Gallstones can develop in
    the common bile duct, the cystic duct, hepatic duct,
    small bile duct, and pancreatic duct. Crystals can
    also form in the submucosa of the gallbladder
    causing widespread inflammation. Acute
    cholecystitis with cholelithiasis is usually treated by
    surgery, although several other treatment methods
    (fragmentation and dissolution of stones) are now
    being used.
    TYPES OF
    CHOLECYSTITIS
    Cholecystitis can be chronic — persistent
    and long-lasting swelling and damage to the
    gallbladder — or acute, a sudden "attack" that
    causes swelling and irritation of the gallbladder.
    1. Acute cholecystitis involves pain that
    begins suddenly and usually lasts for more than six
    hours. It’s caused by gallstones in 95 percent of
    cases
    An acute attack usually goes away within
    two to three days, and is completely resolved within
    a week. If it doesn’t resolve within a few days, you
    may have a more severe complication.
    TYPES OF
    CHOLECYSTITIS Cont.
    The causes of acute cholecystitis can be
    grouped into 2 main categories:
    • Calculous cholecystitis and
    • Acalculous cholecystitis.
    TYPES OF
    CHOLECYSTITIS Cont.
    2. Chronic cholecystitis is defined by
    repeated attacks of pain caused by blockages in
    the biliary ducts, almost always due to gallstones.
    Pain in chronic cholecystitis tends to be
    less severe than in acute cholecystitis and doesn’t
    tend to last as long. Fever is also rare in chronic
    cholecystitis.
    PATHOPHYS
    IOLOGY
    Common Symptoms of
    Cholecystitis
    The most common symptoms of cholecystitis are:

     Severe and sudden pain in the upper right part of the abdomen

     Pain that spreads to your right shoulder or back

     Pain after eating a meal

     An abdomen that’s tender to the touch

     Nausea

     Vomiting

     Fever

     Chills

     Jaundice

     Bloated belly

     Positive Murphy Sign


    Causes of Cholecystitis
    Cholelithiasis “gallstones”: main cause
    Risk Factors;
    • Women
    • Pregnant
    • Obese
    • Older
    DIANOSIS FOR
    CHOLECYCTISIS
    • Abdominal ultrasound:
    • Hepatobiliary nuclear
    imaging (HIDA scan):
    Medical
    Treatment
    •Treatment for cholecystitis usually involves a hospital stay to control the
    inflammation in your gallbladder. Sometimes, surgery is needed.

    At the hospital, your doctor will work to control your signs and symptoms.
    Treatments may include:
    • Fasting.
    • Fluids through a vein in the arm.
    • Antibiotics to fight infection.
    • Pain medications.
    • ECRP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography)
    Nursing
    Interventions
    for
    Cholecystitis
    GI REST
    •NPO until recovered then clear liquids and advanced as
    tolerated per MD order
    • When diet is ordered to be advanced assess how
    patient is tolerating the advancement…are they
    having nausea/vomiting, pain?
    •Nausea/vomiting may be very severe and a nasogastric
    tube with GI decompression may be inserted. The NG
    tube, per MD order, may be set to low intermittent
    suction to help remove stomach contents so the
    gallbladder isn’t stimulated.
    • Provide mouth care

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