AG104 Chapter 1
AG104 Chapter 1
C H E M I ST R Y
NOVA A. CORCIEGA
• BECAUSE ALKANES HAVE THE MAXIMUM NUMBER OF H ATOMS POSSIBLE
ACCORDING TO THE RULES OF COVALENT BONDS, ALKANES ARE ALSO
REFERRED TO AS SATURATED HYDROCARBONS.
ALKENES
• WITH FIVE C ATOMS, WE WILL USE THE PENT- STEM, AND WITH A C–
C DOUBLE BOND, THIS IS AN ALKENE, SO THIS MOLECULE IS A
PENTENE. IN NUMBERING THE C ATOMS, WE USE THE
NUMBER 2 BECAUSE IT IS THE LOWER POSSIBLE LABEL. SO THIS
MOLECULE IS NAMED 2-PENTENE.
EXAMPLE 2
• BASED ON THE NAMES FOR THE BUTENE MOLECULES,
PROPOSE A NAME FOR THIS MOLECULE.
Answer: 3-hexene
ALKYNES
• WITH A C–C TRIPLE BOND, ARE NAMED SIMILARLY TO
ALKENES EXCEPT THEIR NAMES END IN -YNE. THE
SMALLEST ALKYNE IS ETHYNE, WHICH IS ALSO KNOWN AS
ACETYLENE:
• PROPYNE HAS THE STRUCTURE
•WITH BUTYNE, WE NEED TO START NUMBERING
THE POSITION OF THE TRIPLE BOND, JUST AS WE
DID WITH ALKENES:
• THE ALTERNATING SINGLE AND DOUBLE C–C BONDS
GIVE THE BENZENE RING A SPECIAL STABILITY, AND IT
DOES NOT REACT LIKE AN ALKENE AS MIGHT BE
SUSPECTED. BENZENE HAS THE MOLECULAR FORMULA
C6H6; IN LARGER AROMATIC COMPOUNDS, A DIFFERENT
ATOM REPLACES ONE OR MORE OF THE H ATOMS.
• MOST HYDROCARBONS ARE NONPOLAR BECAUSE OF THE CLOSE
ELECTRONEGATIVITIES OF THE C AND H ATOMS
SOLVENTS