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    Traditional Biotechnology

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    liagiba_abby
    Early biotechnology included selective breeding of plants and animals for food production over 10,000 years ago. Fermentation using microorganisms to produce foods like bread, cheese, yogurt, beer and wine was also an early form of biotechnology. Louis Pasteur's work in the 1800s established the germ theory of disease and the role of microorganisms in fermentation, laying the foundation for modern microbiology. Traditional medicines also made use of organisms and their byproducts as natural antibiotics and treatments.

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    Traditional Biotechnology

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    liagiba_abby
    78 views10 pages
    Early biotechnology included selective breeding of plants and animals for food production over 10,000 years ago. Fermentation using microorganisms to produce foods like bread, cheese, yogurt, beer and wine was also an early form of biotechnology. Louis Pasteur's work in the 1800s established the germ theory of disease and the role of microorganisms in fermentation, laying the foundation for modern microbiology. Traditional medicines also made use of organisms and their byproducts as natural antibiotics and treatments.

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    Early biotechnology included selective breeding of plants and animals for food production over 10,000 years ago. Fermentation using microorganisms to produce foods like bread, cheese, yogurt, beer and wine was also an early form of biotechnology. Louis Pasteur's work in the 1800s established the germ theory of disease and the role of microorganisms in fermentation, laying the foundation for modern microbiology. Traditional medicines also made use of organisms and their byproducts as natural antibiotics and treatments.

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    78 views10 pages

    Traditional Biotechnology

    Uploaded by

    liagiba_abby
    Early biotechnology included selective breeding of plants and animals for food production over 10,000 years ago. Fermentation using microorganisms to produce foods like bread, cheese, yogurt, beer and wine was also an early form of biotechnology. Louis Pasteur's work in the 1800s established the germ theory of disease and the role of microorganisms in fermentation, laying the foundation for modern microbiology. Traditional medicines also made use of organisms and their byproducts as natural antibiotics and treatments.

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    of 10

    TRADITIONAL

    BIOTECHNOLOGY
    • Early examples of biotechnology include
    breeding animals and crops, and using
    microorganisms to make cheese, yoghurt, bread,
    beer and wine.
    • The earliest example of biotechnology is the domestication of
    plants and animals.
    • Domestication began over 10,000 years ago when our ancestors
    started keeping plants as a reliable source of food.
    • Rice, barley and wheat were among the first domesticated plants.
    Wild animals were tamed to provide milk or meat or help with
    ploughing or guarding the farm.
    • The dog, sheep and goat are thought to be among the first animals
    that were domesticated.
    • Our early ancestors used microorganisms to make cheese, yoghurt and
    bread, alcoholic drinks like beer and wine.
    • All of these foods and drinks are made by fermentation.
    • Fermentation is a process in which sugars are transformed into a new
    product through chemical reactions carried out by microorganisms
    (yeast, moulds and bacteria)
    • The products generated from fermentation affect the nature of the food
    that the microorganism is in – carbon dioxide causes bread to rise,
    lactic acid makes yoghurt sour, and alcohol is produced in the
    formation of beer and wine.
    • Louis Pasteur first described the scientific basis for
    fermentation in the late 1800s.
    • Pasteur’s hypothesis, called the germ theory, showed the
    existence of microorganisms and their effect on fermentation.
    • Pasteur’s work gave birth to many branches of science.
    Louis Pasteur

    Louis Pasteur (1822-1895) was a


    French chemist who made several
    key discoveries. He proved that
    infectious diseases were caused by
    microorganisms, developed the first
    vaccines and invented pasteurisation.
    Traditional medicines
    • Some traditional medicines also used organisms or parts of organisms. For
    example, the ancient Egyptians used honey for respiratory infections and as an
    ointment for wounds. Honey is a natural antibiotic, killing the germs in wounds.
    • By about 600 BC, the Chinese were using mouldy soybean curds to treat boils.
    Similarly, Ukrainian peasants were using mouldy cheese to treat infected wounds.
    The moulds released natural antibiotics that killed bacteria and prevented the
    spread of infection.
    • Despite these natural treatments, it wasn’t until 1928 that Alexander Fleming first
    extracted penicillin – the first antibiotic – from mould.
    Examples of selective breeding
    • Corn is a dramatic example of a plant that has been
    enhanced by selective breeding to become a better source of
    food.
    • Early teosinte plants (about 5000 BC) had small cobs with
    few kernels, but by 1500 AD, the corn cobs were more than
    5 times the size and packed full of sweet, juicy kernels.
    Dog breeds
    • There are more than 100 breeds of dog, all resulting from selective breeding.
    • Dogs were bred for specific jobs and to enhance traits such as size, shape, agility
    and colour, resulting in breeds from the tiny Chihuahua to the Great Dane.
    The discovery of genes
    A monk named Gregor Mendel identified genes as the unit of inheritance in
    1865. It took another 90 years of research before the structure of DNA was
    described in 1953.
    This discovery was the beginning of modern biotechnology.

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