Use of VEDIC MATHS in Finding TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS by Amrut Deshm

SCHOOL OF SCHOLARS
Mathematics Project
Use of VEDIC MATHS in
finding TRIGONOMETRIC
RATIOS.
GROUP MEMBERS
●13.Akshay S. Gaurkhede
●14.Amey V. Bende
●15.Amrut S. Deshmukh
●16.Hrishikesh M. Joshi
CONTENTS
● Introduction- Vedic Maths, Trigonometry
● Trigonometrical Ratios
● Relation Between Tirgonometric Ratios
● Trigonometric Ratios for Standard Angles by using Triplets
● Ratios for Complementary and Supplementary Angles
● Examples
● Conclusion
WHAT IS VEDIC
MATHEMATICS ?
●Vedic mathematics is the name given to the
ancient system of mathematics
●It’s a unique technique of calculations based
on simple principles and rules , with which any
mathematical problem - be it arithmetic,
algebra, geometry or trigonometry can be
solved mentally
WHAT IS TRIGONOMETRY ?
● Trigonometry (from Greek trigōnon "triangle" + matrons "measure")
is a branch of mathematics that studies triangles and the
relationships between their sides and the angles between these
sides. Trigonometry defines the trigonometric functions, which
describe those relationships and have applicability to cyclical
phenomena, such as waves. The field evolved during the third
century BC as a branch of geometry used extensively for
astronomical studies.
APPLICATIONS OF
TRIGONOMETRY
● Sextants are used to measure the angle of the sun or stars

with respect to the horizon. Using trigonometry and a marine
chronometer, the position of the ship can be determined from
such measurements.
● Main article: Uses of trigonometry
● There are an enormous number of uses of
trigonometry and trigonometric functions. For
instance, the technique of triangulation is used in
astronomy to measure the distance to nearby stars,
in geography to measure distances between
landmarks, and in satellite navigation systems. The
sine and cosine functions are fundamental to the
theory of periodic functions such as those that
describe sound and light waves.
CALCULATING TRIGONOMETRIC
FUNCTIONS
● Main article: Generating trigonometric tables
● Trigonometric functions were among the earliest
uses for mathematical tables. Such tables were
incorporated into mathematics textbooks and
students were taught to look up values and how to
interpolate between the values listed to get higher
accuracy. Slide rules had special scales for
trigonometric functions.
● Today scientific calculators have buttons for calculating the
main trigonometric functions (sin, cos, tan and sometimes cis)
and their inverses. Most allow a choice of angle measurement
methods: degrees, radians and, sometimes, grad.[citation
needed] Most computer programming languages provide
function libraries that include the trigonometric functions. The
floating point unit hardware incorporated into the
microprocessor chips used in most personal computers have
built-in instructions for calculating trigonometric functions.
TRIGONOMETRICAL RATIOS
● Definition : if T (A) = [x,y,z] for any angle A in first quadrant
then
● [1] sin A = y/z
● [2] cos A = x/z
● [3] tan A = y/x
● [4] cosec A = z/y
● [5] sec A = z/x
● [6] cot A = x/y.
hypotenuse sin A = o/h adj hypotenuse cosec = h/o
opp
osit ace
e nt
a a
adjacent opposite
hypotenuse hypotenuse
opp adj
cos A = a/h sec A = h/a
osit ace
e nt
a a
adjacent opposite
hypotenuse hypotenusecot A = a/o

opp tan A = o/a adj
osit ace
e nt
a a
adjacent opposite
We note that sine, cosine, tangent, etc. are all circular
functions. If A is the measure of an angle then there is
one end and only one value of sine A. This gives rise
to a function from the set of measures of angles which
are real numbers to set of real numbers in form of ratio
y/z. This function is called sine function. Its domain is
R , i.e. set of real numbers. Similarly for the other
functions.
RELATION BETWEEN TRIGONOMETRIC
RATIOS
● From definitions above we can state following
relations:
● [1] (sin A / cos A) = tan A
● [2] ( cos A / sin A) = cot A
● [3] (1/tan A) = cot A
● [4] (1/ sin A ) = cosec A
● [5] (1/ cos A) = sec A
SOME BASIC RESULTS
● Vedic Proof :
To prove : [1] sin² A + cos² A =1
Proof : Let, T (A) = [x,y,z] then sin A = y/z, cos A = x/z hence
sin² A + cos² A =(y²/ z²) + (x²/z²) = (y² + x²)/ z² = (z²/z²) =1
Textual Proof : sin² A + cos² A =1
AB2+BC2= AC2
Dividing eqn AC2,
(AB/AC)2 + (BC/AC)2 = (AC/AC)2
sin2 + cos2 =1
[2] 1 + tan² A = sec² A
1 + tan² A = (y²/x²)=(x²+y²)/x²=z²/x²=(z/x)²=sec² A
AB2+BC2= AC2
Dividing eqn BC2,
(AB/BC)2 + (BC/BC)2 = (AC/BC)2
tan2 A+ 1= sec2A
[3] 1 + cot² A = cosec² A
1 + cot² A = 1+(x²/y²) = (y²+x²)/y²=z²/y² =
(z/y) ²=cosec²A
AB2+BC2= AC2
Dividing eqn AB2,
(AB/AB)2 + (BC/AB)2 = (AC/AB)2
1+ cot2 A= cosec2 A
TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS FOR STANDARD
ANGLES USING TRIPLETS
TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS FOR STANDARD ANGLES USING TRIPLETS
● T (0˚) = [1,0,1], sin o˚ = 0/1 = 0 and cos 0˚ = 1/1 =1.
● T (30˚) = [3,1,2], sin 30 = ½ and cos 30= √3/2.
● T (45˚) = [1,1,2], sin 45 = 1/√2and cos 45 = 1/√2
● T (60˚) = [1,3,2], sin 60 = √3/2 ad cos 60 = ½.
● T (90˚) = [0,1,1], sin 90 = 1/1=1 and cos 90 = 0/1 =0.
● T (180˚)= [-1,0,1], sin 180=0 and cos 180 = -1.
TRIGONOMETRIC RATIOS FOR
SUPPLEMENTARY AND COMPLEMENTARY
ANGLES
Angles A and B are complementary if A + B =90˚ and
supplementary if A + B = 180˚
● Note
● If T (A) = [x₁,y₁z₁] and T (B) = [x₂,y₂,z₂] then
● T (A+B) = (x₁x₂ - y₁y₂, y₁y₂ + x₁y₂, z₁z₂) and
● T (A-B) = (x₁x₂ + y₁y₂, y₁x₂ - x₁y₂, z₁z₂)
● T (2A) = (x₁² - y₁², 2x₁y₁, z₁²)
● T (A/2) = [x₁+z₁, y₁, (x₁+z₁)² + y₁²]
CONCLUSION
● From this we can conclude that in trigonometry we
can solve any type of problem easily and rapidly with
the help of Vedic Math rather than the typical
method.
● We need not remember any trigonometric formulae
to find the desired result. This is the advantage of
Vedic Math over usual methods.
Thank You

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SCHOOL OF SCHOLARS

● Sextants are used to measure the angle of the sun or stars

hypotenuse hypotenusecot A = a/o

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