Bioethics

REPORTING IN BIOETHICS
KC MAY S. GUERIÑA
GOOD HABIT OF HEALTH PROVIDER
1. Effective Communication: Clear and empathetic communication with patients, their

families, and colleagues is crucial. Listen actively, provide information in a way patients can
understand, and encourage questions.
2. Empathy and Compassion: Show genuine care and concern for patients, recognizing their
physical and emotional needs. Empathy helps build trust and rapport.
3. Professionalism: Maintain a high level of professionalism by being punctual, dressing
appropriately, and following ethical and legal standards. Respect patient confidentiality at all
times.
4. Continual Learning: Stay updated with the latest medical advancements, treatments, and
best practices. Commit to ongoing education and professional development to provide the
best care.
5. Team Collaboration: Work effectively as part of a healthcare team, sharing information, and
collaborating to ensure coordinated care for patients.
6. Safety and Hygiene: Adhere to infection control protocols, hand hygiene, and safety
standards to protect patients and prevent the spread of infections.
7. Patient-Centered Care: Tailor care to the unique needs and preferences of each patient.
Respect their cultural and individual beliefs in decision-making.
8. Documentation: Maintain accurate and thorough patient records, including diagnoses,

treatments, and medications, to ensure continuity of care and meet legal and regulatory
requirements.
9. Critical Thinking: Analyze complex medical situations, make informed decisions, and adapt to
changing patient conditions.
10. Advocacy: Advocate for the best interests of patients, ensuring they receive appropriate care
and that their rights and choices are respected.
11. Preventative Care: Promote health and wellness by advising patients on preventive
measures, lifestyle changes, and early detection of health issues.
12. Self-Care: Take care of your own physical and mental health to prevent burnout,
maintain well-being, and provide the best care to patients.
13. Patient Education: Provide clear, understandable instructions to patients about their
medical conditions, treatment plans, and self-care.
14. Cultural Competency: Be aware of and sensitive to cultural differences in healthcare

beliefs and practices to provide care that is respectful and inclusive.
15. Time Management: Efficiently manage patient appointments and responsibilities,

ensuring timely care and minimizing patient wait times.
16. Evidenced-Based Practice: Base medical decisions on the best available evidence from
research and clinical practice guidelines.
17. Conflict Resolution: Address conflicts or disagreements openly and professionally, seeking
resolutions that prioritize the patient's best interests.
18. Continuity of Care: Ensure that patient care is seamless and consistent across different
healthcare settings and providers.
19. Professional Boundaries: Maintain appropriate professional boundaries to ensure that the
healthcare provider-client relationship remains ethical and focused on the patient's well-being.
20. Community Engagement: Participate in community health initiatives, health education

programs, or public health efforts to promote wellness and disease prevention.
SOME COMMON BAD HABITS OF HEALTHCARE
PROVIDERS
1. Poor Communication: Ineffective communication, such as failing to listen to patients or colleagues,

not providing clear explanations, or using jargon that patients don't understand, can hinder the
quality of care and lead to misunderstandings.
2. Lack of Empathy: Failing to show empathy and understanding toward patients can make them feel
uncared for and anxious about their healthcare experience.
3. Inadequate Hand Hygiene: Neglecting proper hand hygiene can lead to the spread of infections
within healthcare settings.
4. Unprofessionalism: Unprofessional behavior, such as tardiness, inappropriate attire, or personal

conversations that are not related to patient care, can erode trust and confidence in healthcare
providers.
5. Neglecting Continuing Education: Failing to stay updated with the latest medical knowledge and
practices can result in outdated or suboptimal care.
6. Incomplete or Inaccurate Documentation: Poor record-keeping, including incomplete or
illegible notes, can lead to errors in patient care, lack of accountability, and potential legal issues.
7. Resistance to Feedback: Healthcare providers who are resistant to feedback and unwilling to
learn from colleagues or patients may hinder their own professional growth and compromise
patient care.
8. Lack of Cultural Competency: Insensitivity to cultural differences can lead to

misunderstandings and suboptimal care for patients from diverse backgrounds.
9. Failure to Promote Preventative Care: Neglecting to emphasize preventive measures and

early detection can lead to missed opportunities for wellness and disease prevention.
10. Ignoring Patient Preferences: Disregarding patient preferences and values in treatment
decisions can result in poor patient compliance and dissatisfaction.
11. Poor Time Management: Inefficient time management can lead to long patient wait
times, rushed patient interactions, and reduced quality of care.
12. Lack of Critical Thinking: Failure to critically analyze and adapt to changing patient
conditions or medical situations can lead to misdiagnoses and poor treatment decisions.
13. Lack of Advocacy: Failing to advocate for patients' best interests or overlooking their
rights and choices can result in suboptimal care.
14. Boundary Violations: Crossing professional boundaries or engaging in inappropriate

relationships with patients can lead to ethical and legal issues.
15. Burnout and Self-Neglect: Neglecting personal well-being, leading to burnout and
decreased quality of care.
16. Failure to Maintain Infection Control: Neglecting
infection control measures can lead to the transmission
of infections in healthcare settings.
17. Inadequate Handoff Communication: Poor

communication during patient handoffs can result in
errors, missed information, and compromised patient
safety.
BASIC ETHICAL PRINCIPLES
 PRINCIPLE OF STEWARDSHIP
refers to the expression of one’s responsibility to take
care of , nurture and cultivate what has been entrusted to him.
Hugh J.O Connel
Stewardship consists in the practical recognition that

man is not the absolute master of himself or of his possessions.
He has received every gift and grace from God. He must use them
in a responsible manner to promote the interest of God and to
stablish His Kingdom in the heart of men.
 PRINCIPLE OF TOTALITY
Totality refers to the duty to preserve intact the
physical component of the integrated bodily and
spiritual nature of human life , whereby every part of
the human body.
For example, the principle of totality would
justify the amputation of a gangrenous limb, because
the person could die if the gangrene spread.
 PRINCIPLE OF CAUSALITY (CAUSE AND EFFECT)
The principle of causality is a fundamental concept
that asserts that every event has a cause or multiple
causes that lead to it. Events do not occur randomly but
are the result of specific causes that can be identified and
understood. This principle is a fundamental concept in
science, philosophy, and everyday life, as it helps us make
sense of the relationships between events and their
underlying causes.
 PRINCIPLE OF DOUBLE EFFECT - addresses situations where an
action may have both good and bad effects, and it provides a
framework for evaluating the moral permissibility of such actions.
The principle of double effect typically consists of four conditions:
1. The act itself must be morally good or neutral.

2. The agent intends only the good effect and not the bad effect.
3. The good effect must outweigh the bad effect.
4. There must be a proportionate reason for allowing the bad effect.
 PRINCIPLE IN COOPERATION
Cooperation is a fundamental social principle that
involves individuals or groups working together for a common
goal or mutual benefit.
Cooperation is defined as the participation of one

agent in the activity of another agent to produce a particular
effect or share in a joint activity. This becomes ethically
problematical when the action of the primary agent is morally
wrong.
2 MAJOR DISTINCTIONS
1. Formal cooperation
intending the evil action that another is doing.

"This is when you deliberately, consciously, and willingly
intend the evil to happen
There is knowledge of the evil beforehand or

while it is happening, and consent to it being done. This is
always sinful and immoral
Formal cooperation
Examples :
 Hiring someone to commit murder.

 Agreeing that a child should be aborted.
 Advocating an unjust war of aggression or retaliation
 Supporting the use of weapons of mass destruction in
warfare.
2. MATERIAL COOPERATION
Simply means that although we do not share the

intention of the wrongdoer, we are involved in the
matter or the actual doing of the action.
Providing the means to do evil without
knowledge of the evil itself.
Material cooperation
Examples :
 Equipping an assassin with a murder weapon.

 Working in a pharmacy that provides contraceptives.
 Taking someone to an abortion clinic as a taxi driver.

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REPORTING IN BIOETHICS

1. Effective Communication: Clear and empathetic communication with patients, their

8. Documentation: Maintain accurate and thorough patient records, including diagnoses,

14. Cultural Competency: Be aware of and sensitive to cultural differences in healthcare

15. Time Management: Efficiently manage patient appointments and responsibilities,

20. Community Engagement: Participate in community health initiatives, health education

1. Poor Communication: Ineffective communication, such as failing to listen to patients or colleagues,

4. Unprofessionalism: Unprofessional behavior, such as tardiness, inappropriate attire, or personal

8. Lack of Cultural Competency: Insensitivity to cultural differences can lead to

9. Failure to Promote Preventative Care: Neglecting to emphasize preventive measures and

14. Boundary Violations: Crossing professional boundaries or engaging in inappropriate

17. Inadequate Handoff Communication: Poor

Stewardship consists in the practical recognition that

1. The act itself must be morally good or neutral.

Cooperation is defined as the participation of one

intending the evil action that another is doing.

There is knowledge of the evil beforehand or

 Hiring someone to commit murder.

Simply means that although we do not share the

 Equipping an assassin with a murder weapon.

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