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    The document discusses different topics in exercise physiology: 1. It explains the differences between aerobic and anaerobic exercise, how they produce ATP differently, and their health benefits. Aerobic exercise uses oxygen and provides more ATP through cycles like the citric acid cycle, while anaerobic exercise is of higher intensity but shorter duration and relies on glycolysis. 2. Muscles uptake glucose during exercise through facilitated diffusion, and exercise can increase glucose uptake independent of insulin. This process benefits control of diabetes. 3. The central nervous system plays an important role in controlling complex movements through innate reflexes as well as learned conditioned reflexes developed through training. Conditioned responses allow optimal athletic performance.

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    The document discusses different topics in exercise physiology: 1. It explains the differences between aerobic and anaerobic exercise, how they produce ATP differently, and their health benefits. Aerobic exercise uses oxygen and provides more ATP through cycles like the citric acid cycle, while anaerobic exercise is of higher intensity but shorter duration and relies on glycolysis. 2. Muscles uptake glucose during exercise through facilitated diffusion, and exercise can increase glucose uptake independent of insulin. This process benefits control of diabetes. 3. The central nervous system plays an important role in controlling complex movements through innate reflexes as well as learned conditioned reflexes developed through training. Conditioned responses allow optimal athletic performance.

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    4 views15 pages

    Exercise Physiology Lectures - Chapters 1 - 5

    Uploaded by

    Tarien
    The document discusses different topics in exercise physiology: 1. It explains the differences between aerobic and anaerobic exercise, how they produce ATP differently, and their health benefits. Aerobic exercise uses oxygen and provides more ATP through cycles like the citric acid cycle, while anaerobic exercise is of higher intensity but shorter duration and relies on glycolysis. 2. Muscles uptake glucose during exercise through facilitated diffusion, and exercise can increase glucose uptake independent of insulin. This process benefits control of diabetes. 3. The central nervous system plays an important role in controlling complex movements through innate reflexes as well as learned conditioned reflexes developed through training. Conditioned responses allow optimal athletic performance.

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    of 15

    PHBE 3722

    EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY/
    OEFENINGSFISIOLOGIE
    CH1: EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY

     Exercise Physiology – Evolved from disciplines of anatomy and physiology.


     Physiology -Studies how organ systems functions in order to maintain homeostasis.
     Exercise – any physical activity that utilises the recruitment of muscle fibers.
     Earliest study dates back to 1793 with focus on oxygen consumption during weight
    training.
    CH1: EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY
    CONTINUE…

     Defined as the study of functional changes occurring during an exercise session &
    adaptations as a result of continuous exercise.
     Causes homeostatic imbalance.
     The body attempts to restore homeostasis in response to exercise.
     E.g. ↑ in Heart Rate (HR) to meet the increased demands of oxygen by muscle cells.
    CH2: AEROBIC EXERCISE: WHAT FOR
    AND HOW MUCH?

     Aerobic (with Oxygen) exercise involves large muscles groups during low
    intensity intervals.
     Main sources of ATP production is via the citric acid and oxidative
    phosphorylation cycle.
     Citric acid cycle involves Pyruvate and Acetyl- coenzyme A.
     Oxidative phosphorylation involves electron transport system & ATP synthase.
    CH2: AEROBIC EXERCISE: WHAT FOR
    AND HOW MUCH? CONTINUE…

     Total ATP yield is 32.


     Exercise examples include swimming, jogging and other endurance sports.
     Improves cardiovascular and respiratory systems.
     Also results in increase high density lipoprotein (HDL) in blood which protect against
    atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction.
    AEROBIC EXERCISE ENERGY YIELD
    CH2: AEROBIC EXERCISE: WHAT FOR
    AND HOW MUCH? CONTINUE…

     Anaerobic exercise involves short-duration and high-intensity activity.


     Main sources of ATP production is via the glycolysis cycle.
     Glycolysis cycle involves Pyruvate conversion in lactic acid.
     Total ATP yield is 2.
    CH2: AEROBIC EXERCISE: WHAT FOR
    AND HOW MUCH? CONTINUE…

     Exercise examples include sprinting and weight training.


     Increase muscle strength and muscle tone.
     Produces lactic acid as waste which sometimes causes muscle fatigue and pain
    ANAEROBIC EXERCISE ENERGY
    YIELD
    CH3: EXERCISING MUSCLES HAVE A
    “SWEET TOOTH”

     Skeletal muscle cells take up glucose from the bloodstream via Facilitated Diffusion (FD).
     FD - uses carrier molecules to transfer substances across the membrane.
     Skeletal muscle cells maintain an intracellular pool of carriers for when the need for
    glucose uptake arise.
     Glucose uptake is dependant on the hormone insulin, which promotes insert of carriers
    (GLUTs) into the plasmamembrane. Also refer to pg 691 in textbook.
    CH3: EXERCISING MUSCLES HAVE A
    “SWEET TOOTH” CONTINUE…

     The rate of glucose uptake may increase ten fold during exercise.
     Insulin does not determine rate of glucose uptake and decrease during exercise.
     Exercise directly stimulate the membrane receptors that bind with insulin and facilitate
    transport of glucose into the cells.
     Exercise presents a benefit in controlling diabetes mellitus.
    FIGURE 3-14, FACILITATED DIFFUSION PAGE 76
    CH5: SWAN DIVE OR BELLY FLOP: IT’S
    A MATTER OF CNS CONTROL.

     Basic postural reflexes allows the body to accomplish normal day-to-day tasks.
     In order to perform certain movements, the innate reflexes must be override.
     E.g. in order to dive into water, the body need’s to adjust it’s posture to allow the body to
    take proper form necessary to execute the task (“belly flop”)
    CH5: SWAN DIVE OR BELLY FLOP: IT’S A
    MATTER OF CNS CONTROL.
    CONTINUE…

     In order to apply certain skills in a sport, it must be learned and trained continuously
    (Conditioned reflexes).
     Conditioned reflexes/responses are integrated in the CNS and new synaptic patterns are
    created.
     Once conditioned responses are automated, an athlete could perform to their full
    potential.
    FIG 5-31 WITHDRAWAL REFLEX PAGE 285

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