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Parative Models in Policing. USA JPA 1
Parative Models in Policing. USA JPA 1
POLICING
the practice for the maintenance of peace and
order, law enforcement and for the security of the
community.
the methods practice by police officers for the
maintenance of peace and order.
THEORIES OF POLICE SERVICE
5. REASSURANCE POLICING
• It is a model of policing with the aim of identifying signals and it involves the community in solving
community-related problems. It is similar to community oriented policing system. Signal crimes are those
that shape the community’s perception of risk from a particular type of crime during a given period.
• It gives a feeling of safety that a citizen experiences when he knows that a police officer or patrol car is
nearby.
6. SCANNING, ANALYSIS, RESPONSES, ASSESSMENT (SARA)
• A type of policing which involves four steps in problem solving and decision making process.
o Scanning – it involves detection of patterns of problem activities, including victims, location and
types of crimes.
o Analysis –looking for the root causes of any problems or issues identified.
Once cause was identified, law enforcement officials will work with the community
to come up with and execute an appropriate, long term response.
GLOBALIZATION
- Refers to the integration of economics and societies all over the world
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION
environmental degradation
in many poorer nations, foreign businesses utilizing workers in a country
take advantage of the lower wage rates
brain drain … opportunities in richer countries drives talent away from
poorer countries, leading to brain drains.
disease
drug and illicit goods trade
EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION ON THE ROLE AND FUNCTIONS
OF THE POLICE
NEGATIVE EFFECTS
Threats of Terrorism and Organized Crime
Terrorists and Criminal Groups have access to sophisticated weapons enhancing
their capability to inflict damage and to commit crimes
Terrorists and Criminals use Internet for communicating among themselves
Terrorists can spread propaganda through the Internet
Increase in criminality and human right violations
SEVEN THEORIES OF COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY:
3. OPPORTUNITY THEORY
- Along with higher standard of living, victims become more careless of
their belongings and opportunities for committing of crime multiply.
4. DEMOGRAPHIC THEORY
- Greater numbers of children are being born, because as these baby
booms grow up, delinquent subcultures develop out of the adolescent
identity crisis.
SEVEN THEORIES OF COMPARATIVE CRIMINOLOGY:
5. DEPRIVATION THEORY
- Progress comes along with rising expectations and people at the bottom develop
unrealistic expectations while people at the top do not see themselves rising fast
enough.
6. MODENIZATION THEORY
- Sees the problem as society becoming too complex.
Examples are:
Money laundering Drug trafficking Terrorism Human
trafficking Cyber crimes
The Philippine Centre on Transnational Crime
Pursuant to Executive Order No. 62, the Philippine Center for Transnational Crime is created
under the Office of the President to formulate and implement a concerted program of action
of all law enforcement, intelligence and other government agencies for the prevention and
control of transnational crime.
1. An enforcer
2. A corrupter
3. A corruptee
AN ENFORCER
- The one who makes for the arrangements for killing (injuring or carrying
out the task physical economically or psychologically) the members or non-
members
A CORRUPTER
- The one who corrupts or bribes, intimidate or threatens, negotiate or
“sweet talks” into a relationships with public officials ,law enforcement officer
or anyone who would be of help in obtaining security and immunity from
possible arrest , prosecution and punishments .
A CORRUPTEE
-A public officials, law enforcement officers or anybody who not a
member of the organization who can helps the organization.
ATTRIBUTES OF ORGANIZED CRIME
A system of policing emerged during the Anglo-Saxon period whereby all male
residents were required to guard the town (tun) to preserve peace and protect
the lives and properties of the people.
About 700 AD, the people living in England in small rural towns used the Anglo-
Saxon System. Ten families in a town (tun) equaled a tithing. Each tithing
elected a leader who was known as the Tithingman.
Since 10 tithings amounted to 100, the leader of the 100 families was named
the reeve. Both the tithingman and reeve were lected officials. They possessed
judicial power as well as police authority.
HUE AND CRY
Shire – Rieve
• Shire – Rieve was a policing system during the Norman Period
when England was divided into fifty-five (55) Military areas,
each headed by a ruler called the Rieve (head-man or
lieutenant of the army) The fifty-five (55) military divisions in
England are called shires.
NORMAN PERIOD OF POLICING SYSTEM
• Two “Constabull” or “The
keeper of the horse” were
appointed to each village to
aid the Rieve in his duties. It
became the source of the
word Constable.
An act that was enacted during this period with the following
features:
• Offenses were classified as against the king and individuals
• The police and the citizens have the broad power to arrest. It
introduced the system called “citizen’s arrest.”
• B. American Period
• Brig. Gen. Henry Tureman Allen became its first chief. Known
as the Father of Philippine Constabulary
Evolution of Policing System
• December 1902 the Insular
Constabulary (IC) was renamed
“Philippine Constabulary” (PC).
•Reorganized the DILG and created the PNP with PDG Cesar
Nazareno as its first Chief. It also established the BFP, BJMP and
the PPSC.
Evolution of Policing System
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UNITED STATES OF
AMERICA
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
The largest local police agency is the New York City Police
Department
STATE POLICE
Boston Police Department= first local modern police department established in the U.S
Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) = police force that hired the first Female police
officer named "Alice Stebbins Wells"
Department of Homeland Security = a federal law enforcement agency in the U.S w/cc
handles U.S Custom, Border Protection, Immigration/ Custom enforcement, U.S Secret
Service, U.S Coast Guard and Transportation Security Administration