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Cdi 1 Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation and Intelligence Prepared by Me
Cdi 1 Fundamentals of Criminal Investigation and Intelligence Prepared by Me
OF CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATION AND
INTELLIGENCE
Prepared By: JESS GONZALES CABANGON, RCrim.
Basic terminologies
Old French:
“Investigacion” which means a searching into.
Basic terminologies
John Fielding the blind younger brother of Henry Fielding who took
over control of Bow Street Court (1753) He called it “Bow Street
Runner” first privately paid group to follow- up investigation of
crime. He initiated the practice of developing paid informants, printing
wanted notices, employing criminal raids, and bearing firearms and
handcuffs.
ANCIENT ROOTS OF INVESTIGATION
FRANCE (1811)
Eugene “Francois” Vidocq a former convict who became
a Paris investigator. Introduced the trade protection policy →
forerunner of Credit Card System
1829, LONDON
Sir Robert Peel founded the London Metropolitan Police
the SCOTLAND YARD Bobbies. He presented the art and
techniques of surveillance such as detectives concealing
themselves while discreetly taking photograph and recording
conversation.
ANCIENT ROOTS OF INVESTIGATION
1835, USA
Texas Rangers was organized as first law enforcement agency with
statewide investigative authority, the forerunner of the Federal Bureau
of Investigation (FBI)
1852, USA
Allan Pinkerton became America’s most famous private
investigator who was considered as the founder of American Criminal
Investigation System. Spearheaded the use of the telegraph, the
railroads and photography. He can also be credited with establishing the
practice of handwriting examination in U.S. courts Credited for
perfecting the techniques of Undercover Investigation.
ANCIENT ROOTS OF INVESTIGATION
1856, USA
Mrs. Kate Warne – was the first woman detective hired by Pinkerton
agency.
1877, ENGLAND
Howard Vincent -a civilian lawyer who became the head of the
Criminal Investigation Department hired by Sir Robert Peel.
1882, FRANCE
Alphonse Bertillon – a French Police Clerk who was recognized as the
founder of Criminal Identification for introducing the first systematic
identification system based on Anthropometry.
ANCIENT ROOTS OF INVESTIGATION
1887, England
Dr. Arthur Conan Doyle was a British writer and physician, most
noted for creating the fictional detective Sherlock Holmes and writing
stories about him which led to the public consciousness for forensic
science.
1891
Dr. Hans Gross was an Australian Criminal Jurist who published the
book “Criminal Investigation” introducing the first comprehensive
description of physical evidence in solving problems. Credited in
coining the word “CRIMINALISTICS” Father of
Criminalistics/Criminal Investigation
ANCIENT ROOTS OF INVESTIGATION
1954, USA
Dr. Paul Kirk one of the best known American Criminalist,
headed the Department of Criminalistics at the University of
California, USA.
1961
Mapp vs. Ohio US Supreme Court ruled that “illegally
obtained evidence is inadmissible”. The case that established the
“Doctrine of the Fruit of the Poisonous Tree”.
ANCIENT ROOTS OF INVESTIGATION
1966
Miranda vs. Arizona established the rights of a person under
custodial investigation.
1985
People Vs. Galit The right to a counsel may be waived but the
waiver, to be valid, must be made with assistance of a counsel.
CONCEPT AND PRINCIPLES OF CRIMINAL
INVESTIGATION
Training:
The National Forensic Science Training Institute (NFSTI) under
the PPSC, is an institution that trains uniformed personnel of the
PNP to become a certified investigator. All investigator in any
police unit must be a graduate of prescribed investigation course
(CRIDEC) with a rank at least PO2 or Police Corporal (pre-
requisite to assignment).
PRIMARY JOB OF AN INVESTIGATOR
1. INFORMATION
2. INTERVIEW / INTERROGATION
3. INSTRUMENTATION
THREE TOOLS OF INVESTIGATION
(3 I’s of Investigation)
1.INFORMATION It is the knowledge or data which an
investigator acquired from other persons and records.
It is the knowledge of facts which the investigator had
gathered from persons or documents, which are pertinent
relevant concerning the commission of criminal activities.
a. Vanity
b. Civic-mindedness
c. Fear
d. Repentance
e. Avoidance of punishment
f. Competition
g. Revenge
h. Jealousy
i. Remuneration
INTERVIEW AND INTERROGATION
d. Obtain confession/admission
CONFESSION V. ADMISSION
PHASE II
LOCATE AND APPREHEND THE SUSPECT/S
PHASE III
GATHER AND PROVIDE EVIDENCE TO
ESTABLISH THE GUILT OF THE ACCUSED.
PHASE I: IDENTIFY THE SUSPECT
The Four Methods of Identifying the Criminals:
1. By Confession or Admission
3. By Circumstantial Evidence
4. By Associative Evidence
1st Method of Identifying the Criminals
CONFESSION It is the direct acknowledgement of guilt
arising from the commission of a crime. A statement of the
suspect directly acknowledging his guilt.
Sec. 2, Rule 129, Rules of Court states that "Judicial Admission is made by
the party in the pleadings, or in the course of the trial or other proceedings
do not require proof and cannot be contradicted unless previously shown to
have been made through palpable mistake."
IMPORTANT NOTE:
B. PHYSICAL SHOW-UP
Only one person is shown to the witness usually at the
scene of the crime and made immediately after the arrest of the
suspect.
3rd Method of Identifying the Criminals
Circumstantial Evidence
Facts or circumstances from which, either alone or in
connection with other facts, the identity of the person can be
inferred.
What must be inferred to prove identity by circumstantial
evidence?
Motive – is what induces the criminal to act
Intent –is the result or accomplishment of the act
Opportunity –is the physical possibility that the suspect could
have committed the crime.
4th Method of Identifying the Criminals
Associative Evidence
Physical evidence which may identify the criminal by means
of clues, personal properties, or characteristics patterns of
procedure deduced from the arrangement of objects at the
crime scene. The offender may leave some clues at the scene,
such as weapons, tools, garments, fingerprints, foot
impressions etc.
Crimes of violence may leave evidence of physical struggle.
MODUS OPERANDI