Presentation of Data-1
Presentation of Data-1
Presentation of data
Method by which the people organize,
summarize and communicate information
using a variety of tools such as tables, graphs
and diagrams
1. Tabular presentation
2. Graphical presentation
Uses of data presentation
Easy and better understanding of the subject
Provides first hand information about data
Helpful in future analysis
Easy for making comparisons
Very attractive
Principles of data presentation
Data should be presented in simple form
Arose interest in reader
Should be concise but without losing
important details
Facilitate further statistical analysis
Define problem and Should suggest its
solution
:Tabular presentation .1
It is a systematic and logical arrangement of
classified data in rows and columns
:Presentation (Tables)Tabular
Table consists of row(S) & column(S), could be 2x2,
2x3.---,or as a List which is the simplest form of
table, consists of two columns only, the first giving
an identification of the observation unit and the
second giving the value of the variable of that unit.
class frequency
15-24 3
Rows
25-34 5
35-44 2
column
Criteria of the Proper
:Table
a.As simple as possible (it is better to have 2-3
simple tables than one complicated).
b.Understandable & self explanatory without
references to the text. This is done by:
► The title should be clear (placed above the
table), and answer the questions of:
What? Where? And When?
►Each row and column should be labeled
clearly and concisely.
► Specific unit of the measure for the data
should be defined.
► Total should be placed.
► Illustrate symbols, code, and abbreviation by
putting a footnote below the table.
c. Source of the table (if not original).
d. Avoid too much over ruling.
Significance of tubular
presentation
Simplifies complex data
Unnecessary details and repetitions of data
avoided in tabulation
Facilitates comparison
Gives identity to data
Reveals pattern with in the figures which
cannot be seen in the narrative form
Precautions
Table should suit the size of the paper
Captions and stubs should be arranged in some
systematic order
Unit of measurement should be clearly defined
and given in the table.
Figures should be rounded to avoid
unnecessary details in the table and footnote to
this effect should be given
Reference Table
These tables present the original data for
reference purposes.
It contains only absolute and actual figures and
round numbers or percentages. Eg: Tables in
census record, Appendices of Publications
Sl.No Contents Page numbers
.
Text Tables