Examine the key concepts and

ideas of Filipino thinkers in the

Social Sciences rooted in the
Filipino Language/s and
experience
CONTENTS 19th century (Isabelo
delos Reyes, Jose
Rizal, and others.
20th - 21st century
(Sikolohiyang
Pilipino, Pantayong
Pananaw, and
others.
Important Thinkers of the
Revolutionary Period
Dr. Jose Rizal
(Reformist)

• The most influential figure of the revolutionary

period

• It was during his stay in Europe that he penned

two• of
Thehis
twomost important
are fictional works,
works whichwhich are believed
were based on the
tosocial
haveissues that Filipinos
sparked the 1896were experiencing
Revolution: during
Noli that
Me
period - inequality,
Tangere (1887) and racism, and colonialism,
El Filibusterismo among others.
(1891).

• The two are fictional works which were based on

the social issues that Filipinos were experiencing
during that period - inequality, racism, and
colonialism, among others.
 Andres
(1863 - 1897)
Bonifacio
• Bonifacio is the founder of the revolutionary society,
Katipunan.
• When Spanish authorities discovered it, the society
already had some 30,000 members in a period of
• The two are fictional
approximately works which were based on the social
six months.
issues that Filipinos were experiencing during that period -
• Three days after the founding of La Liga Filipina, Rizal
inequality, racism, and colonialism, among others.
was banished to Dapitan in Mindanao, the southern part
of the Philippines.
Bonifacio, a member of the Liga, thought that was the
end of the line and founded the Katipunan (Gripaldo
2013).
Apolinario
(1864 - 1903)
Mabini
• Apolinario Mabini became well known in Philippine
history as the "Sublime Paralytic" and the "Brains of the
Revolution."
• Mabini was born to an illiterate farmer and market
vendor with seven other children in Tanauan, Batangas,
• The two are fictional works which were based on the social
Mabini
issueshad
that no initialwere
Filipinos economic and during
experiencing social that
capital
periodthat
-
could have secured
inequality, himand
racism, a good education.
colonialism, among others.
• Nevertheless, he was able to receive scholarships and
part-time jobs teaching children, which allowed him to
complete a bachelor of Arts degree at the Colegio de
San Juan de Letran and a Bachelor of Laws at UST.
Emilio Jacinto
Revolutionist (1875-1899)

• Emilio Jacinto popularly referred to as the "Brains of

the Katipunan" due to significant contributions to the
Katipunan, primarily his Kartilya ng Katipunan (Primer of
Katipunan) and his article published in Kalayaan. He
became Andres Bonifacio's advisor and secretary.
• The two are fictional works which were based on the social
• While
issues Jacinto diedwere
that Filipinos at experiencing
the young age duringofthat
23period
due -to
malaria, he remained
inequality, as one
racism, and of the among
colonialism, most others.
recognized
heroes from the Revolutionary period due to his literary
works that guided the Katipunan.
• The Kartilya, which became the source of values of the
revolutionaries, exemplified core values like that of
charity, piety, honor, and equality.
 Manuel L.
Political Philosopher (1878-1944)
Quezon
• Manuel L. Quezon was elected as the
Commonwealth president in 1935, Quezon
now buttressed his political ideas with some
educational and social thought.
• • The
Hetwobelieved in Social Darwinism-that
are fictional works which were based on the social
governments are were
issues that Filipinos products of political
experiencing struggles
during that period -
inequality, racism, and colonialism, among others.
for survival.
• Quezon's political philosophy consists of two
strands: political pragmatism and political
preparation for an eventual Philippine
independence
Social Darwinists believe in “survival of the fittest”—the
idea that certain people become powerful in society
because they are innately better. Social Darwinism has
been used to justify imperialism, racism, eugenics and
social inequality at various times over the past century
and a half.
Political pragmatism is the principle, which
says that one must fight for a goal, but if
obstacles towards that goal are difficult to
surmount, then one must fall back to an
alternative that is better than nothing provided it
 Important Thinkers of the
Post- Revolutionary Period
Isabelo Delos
(1864-1938)
Reyes
• Isabelo Delos Reyes is referred to by many historians as the
"Father of Filipino Socialism" due to his writing on anti-
Catholicism and labor unions.
• He was one of the founders of the Iglesia Filipina
Independiente (Philippine
• The two are fictional Independent
works Church)
which were based or the
on the Aglipayan
social issues
Church, which
that Filipinos is an
were independent
experiencing Christian
during Protestant
that period Church.
- inequality, racism,
,• De los Reyes and colonialism,
exhibited among talent
immense others. at a young age,
having won a silver medal for his work El folk-lore filipino
(Filipino Folklore) at the Exposición in Madrid.
• He found the first labor union in the country - the Unión Obrera
Democrática.
Camilo O. Osias
(1889-1976)
• Camilo Osias advocated that the educational system must contribute
towards the achievement of the goals of education by inculcating in
the minds and hearts of the youth the value of preserving the
patrimony of the country, promoting the general welfare of the people.
• He believes that education must secure for every Filipino the fullest
measure of efficiency, freedom, and happiness.
• The said,
• Osia two are fictional
that "the works which
school haswere
an based on the
important social
role in issues that
the dynamic
Filipinos were experiencing during that period - inequality, racism, and
nationalism and internationalism in relation
colonialism, among others. to democracy in the
education of the youth.
• High educational institutions should do more to turn out graduates
who can think logically, scientifically and creatively."
• And further he said, that "our education should instill love for work,
spirit of tolerance, respect for law, love for peace and practice thrift".
Claro M. Recto
(1864-1938)

• Claro M. Recto became known as the "foremost statesman" of his

generation due to the various nationalistic writings that he made as a
senator.
• Recto became known for his advocacy of highlighting Filipino
nationalism as opposed to the colonial backdrop that most people were
embracing.
• The two are fictional works which were based on the social issues that
• HeFilipinos wereheard
was often experiencing during
and read that period the
advocating - inequality,
"Filipinoracism,
First and
Policy,"
colonialism, among others.
where he claimed that our country's development will depend on the
extent by which our country and its interest would be prioritized before
those of other countries, especially our former colonial "masters."
•For Recto, a true free government is that which is capable of making
economics and social decisions for its citizens without placing as its
primary consideration the interests of other governments.
Virgilio Enriquez
(1942-1994)
• Camilo Osias advocated that the educational system must contribute
towards the achievement of the goals of education by inculcating in
the minds and hearts of the youth the value of preserving the
patrimony of the country, promoting the general welfare of the people.
• He believes that education must secure for every Filipino the fullest
measure of efficiency, freedom, and happiness.
• The said,
• Osia two are fictional
that "the works which
school haswere
an based on the
important social
role in issues that
the dynamic
Filipinos were experiencing during that period - inequality, racism, and
nationalism and internationalism in relation
colonialism, among others. to democracy in the
education of the youth.
• High educational institutions should do more to turn out graduates
who can think logically, scientifically and creatively."
• And further he said, that "our education should instill love for work,
spirit of tolerance, respect for law, love for peace and practice thrift".
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Core Value or Kapwa (Togetherness)
• The concept of kapwa (shared identity) is
the core of Sikolohiyang Pilipino and heart of
the structure of Filipino values.
Pakikipagkapwa means treating the other
person as kapwa or fellow human being.
 Two Categories of Kapwa

1. Ibang tao 2. Hindi Ibang tao (insider/one-of-

(outsider) us)
• Pakikipagpalagayang-loob:
•Pakikitungo: civility
• Pakikisalamuha: act of mixing Act of mutual trust
•Pakikilahok: act of joining • Pakikisangkot: Act of joining
• Pakikibagay: act of conformity others
•Pakikisama: Being united with the • Pakikipagkaisa: being one
group with others
 Example of Filipino Value

• Hospitality - the friendly and generous reception

and entertainment of guests, visitors, or strangers.
• Utang na loob - debt of gratitude
• Bahala na - fatalism or determination and being
risk taker. Bahala na ang Diyos (God will take care
of us)
 Pivotal Interpersonal Value
• Another significant Filipino value is that of
pakikiramdam (shared inner perception) which is
considered as the pivotal interpersonal value.
• Within this value, Filipinos use their inner
perception of the other's emotion in order to
efficiently interact with them.
 Linking Social- personal
Value
• Another value that contributes to our practice of pakikipagkapwa is
that of kagandahang loob (shared humanity), in which this value shows
an act of charity toward others.
The practice of bayanihan or community-based action entails the
participation of the community on a task that is meant to improve the
quality of life and livelihood of the members of the locality.
2024
• Various terms from different locality use to refer to bayanihan:
pintakasi (Samar), kapanyidungan (Batanes), tiklos (Leyte), and
bataresan (Southern Tagalog).
Accommodative Surface Values
•The bayanihan or any form of kagandahang loob is always framed within another
set of Filipino values, which are labeled as accommodative surface values.

• These values include hiya (propriety/dignity), utang na loob (debt of gratitude),

and pakikisama (esteem/companionship).

Confrontative Surface Values

• Confrontative surface values that Filipinos exhibited especially
when confronted by difficult situation

• These includes bahala na (determination), lakas ng loob

(guts/courage), and pakikibaka (resistance).
 Societal Value
• According to Enriquez, Filipinos also hold societal values
which he called pagpapahalagang panlipunan.
• These values include karangalan (honor), katarungan
(justice), and kalayaan (freedom), which are essential to the
preservation of Filipino societal order and harmony.
• Moreover, these values shape a psychological unity among
Filipino communities as they build a common perception of
moral obligation to other members of the community who are
considered as kapwa.
Zeus A. Salazar
(1934-Present)
• Zeus Salazar was one of the Filipino
scholars who were trained and whose
methods were derived from the West,
and he argued for a shift in perspective.
• The two are fictional works which were based on the social
• He
issuesdeveloped his
that Filipinos were lifelongduring
experiencing crusade
that periodfor
-
inequality, racism, and colonialism, among others.
a nationalist brand of history that
became a staple perspective for the
next generation of history students, that
is, the pantayong pananaw.
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