Hardware and Networking Service Level-I

Under MoLS

EIS HNS1 M02 0322 -Operate personal computer

Nominal duration: 80Hour

Prepared by: Ministry of Labour and Skill

 EIS HNS1 M02 0322 UC-2-Operate personal computer

LO1: Start and Shutdown the computer

LO2: Access basic system information

LO3: Navigate and Manipulate desktop environment

LO4: Organize basic directory/ folder structure and files

LO5: Organize files for user and/or organization

requirements

LO6: Print information

LO7: Operate application software

 1.1 Checking connected peripheral devices
A computer is more than just another household appliance.
The vast amount of information and possibilities can be
overwhelming. But you can accomplish a lot with a
computer, and using one can be a good experience. Let's
walk through getting started with your first computer.
Turning on a computer for the first time can be different
from one computer to the next. Your experience could be
different from this unit. It's OK to ask someone for help.
If you're using a desktop computer, you'll need to make
sure that peripheral device such as keyboard, mouse, and
monitor etc…are plugged into the computer case before
you continue. Or Review our module: connect hardware
peripheralto learn more.
 Desktop computer

The desktop computer is a personal computing device designed to fit on the

top of atypical office desk.

Identifying The Parts Of A Personal Computer

There are many different models of personal computers. They include desktop
personal computers (PC), notebooks and laptops but they all have the same
basic hardware parts:
A Keyboard
Mouse/Touch Pad/Trackball
Monitor (Screen)
System Unit.
 Screen/Monitor
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System Unit

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 Laptop computer
A laptop computer , sometimes called a notebook computer by
manufacturers , is a battery-or AC powered personal computer
generally smaller than a briefcase that can easily be transported and
conveniently used in temporary spaces such as on airplanes , in
libraries ,temporary office, and at meetings.
 Tablet computer
A tablet computer ,commonly shortened to tablet, is a mobile
device , typically with a mobile operating system and LCD touch
screen display processing circuitry , and a rechargeable battery
in a single thin, flat package.
 How computer works
Input/output/process
The computer system needs people, data, hardware and software to
operate. The process for getting data in, processing the data and getting
the information out is known as input/process/output.
Input
Input is the data that is entered into the computer. It is entered
through input devices. Some examples of input devices are:-
mouse
keyboard
microphone
scanner
digital camera
joy stick
touch pad
MP3 player
 Using a mouse (input device)
The mouse is used to move the mouse pointer around the
screen and to perform tasks such as moving and opening
folders or files. A mouse could be attached to a computer
with a cord or it may be cordless (a remote mouse).
 You see the position of the mouse on the screen by seeing a
symbol. The mouse symbol moves around the screen as you
move the mouse. Depending on the task you are doing, the
mouse symbol could look like any of the following.

A mouse pointer: means you can click on an item, such

as
a folder icon, to select it or move it.

A timer: means the computer is busy processing a

task so you need to wait until the computer finishes

the task and the symbol changes back.

Flashing insertion point: When you click the mouse the

insertion point will flash if text can be entered or deleted.
i
 Key Board /Input Device/
A Computer keyboard is an input device used to enter
characters and functions into the computer system by
pressing buttons, or keys. It is the primary device used
to enter text. A keyboard typically contains keys for
individual letters, numbers and Special characters, as
well as keys for specific functions.
Parts of keyboard
1. Function keys / F1, F2, F3 …………….F12/
2. Numeric keys / 0, 1, 2, 3, ………………..9
3. Letters keys / A, B, C, D, ………………Z
4. Special keys / Escape, Tab, caps lock, shift……./.
5. Direction keys / ↑ ↓ ← →/
Process
Processing refers to the computer performing
operations and calculations (using the data that has
been input and software). This processing of data is
done by the central processing unit (CPU) that is
housed in the system unit.
Output
Output is what the computer displays as a result of
processing data (eg. calculations or instructions). Some
examples of output devices are:
printers
speakers
monitor/screen.
1.2. Occupational Health and Safety/OHS/ standards are
checked Input voltage
General Safety
Safe working conditions help prevent injury to people
and damage to computer equipment. A safe workspace is
clean, organized, and properly lighted. Everyone must
understand and follow safety procedures.
Follow the basic safety guidelines to prevent cuts, burns,
electrical shock, and damage to eyesight. As a best
practice, make sure that a fire extinguisher and first-aid kit
are available in case of fire or injury. Poorly placed or
unsecured cables can cause tripping hazards in a network
installation. Cables should be installed in conduit or cable
trays to prevent hazards.
This is a partial list of basic safety precautions to use
when working on a computer:
Turn off the power and unplug equipment before
performing service.
Cover sharp edges inside the computer case with tape.
Never open a power supply or a CRT monitor.
Do not touch areas in printers that are hot or that use high
voltage.
Know where the fire extinguisher is located and how to
use it.
Keep food and drinks out of your workspace.
Keep your workspace clean and free of clutter.
 Switching On computer power
Turning on a computer
The first step is to turn on the computer. Make sure all
the cables are plugged in correctly, and locate the
power button. It's in a different place on every
computer, but it will have the universal power button
symbol (shown below).

Image of a power button icon

Once turned on, your computer takes time before it's
ready to use. You may see a few different displays flash
on the screen. This process is called booting up, and it
can take anywhere from 15 seconds to several minutes.
Sign in to Windows
Once the computer has booted up, it may be ready to use, or
it may require you to log in. This means identifying
yourself by typing your user name or selecting your profile,
then typing your password. If you've never logged in to
your computer before, you may need to create an account.

A login screen on a laptop computer

 The keyboard and mouse
You interact with a computer mainly by using the keyboard
and mouse, or a trackpad on laptops. Learning to use these
devices on connect hardware peripheral. Most people find it
comfortable to place the keyboard on the desk directly in
front of them and the mouse to one side of the keyboard.

Hands on keyboard positioned in front of a computer

 The mouse controls the pointer on the screen. Whenever
you move the mouse across the desk, the pointer will move
in a similar manner. A mouse usually has two buttons,
which are referred to as the left button and the right
button. You will often interact with the computer by
moving the mouse pointer over something on the computer
screen, then clicking one of the buttons.
Single or double clicks?
Single clicks are used more often than double clicks. If you
use a single click and nothing happens, then try a double
click. If you find double clicking very difficult, you can use
a single click to select the item you want to activate,
followed by pressing the Enter key.
 Hand on mouse controlling the pointer on the screen
The keyboard allows you to type letters, numbers, and
words into the computer.
Whenever you see a flashing vertical line—called the cursor—you
can start typing.
A blinking cursor in a browser's address bar
Note that the mouse pointer is also called a cursor, but it is shaped
differently. The keyboard cursor is also called the insertion point.
Shutting down your computer
When you're done using your computer, it's important to shut it down
properly.
To shut down Windows,
Click the Start button, then Select Shut down from the menu (in some
versions, this may say Turn off Computer or look like the power symbol).\

Restarting and Sleep mode

You can also click the power button for more options. For example,
if your computer has become unresponsive, you can
choose Restart to quickly turn it off and on again.
You can also choose to put your computer into Sleep mode. This
turns off most of your computer's processes, but it remembers which
applications and files are open. It allows the computer to start up
more quickly because you won't have to wait for the operating
system and applications to load.
Sign out VS switch users
If you're finished using your account, you can sign out. To
do this, click the Start button, select the current account in
the top-left corner, then choose Sign out. Other users will
then be able to sign in from the lock screen.
Switch between users without signing out or closing your
current apps. Switching users will lock the current user, so
you won't need to worry about someone else accessing your
account. To do this, select the current account, then choose
the desired user from the drop-down menu. You can use this
same method to switch back to the other user.
 1.4. Basic functions of an operating system
Definition
An operating system is a group of computer programs that
coordinates all the activities among computer hardware
devices. It is the first program loaded into the computer by a
boot program and remains in memory at all times.\
Functions of an operating system
The basic functions of an operating system are:
Handles system resources such as computer's memory
and sharing of the central processing unit(CPU) time by
various applications or peripheral devices
Provides file management which refers to the way that
the operating system manipulates, stores, retrieves and saves
data.
Booting the computer
The process of starting or restarting the computer is
known as booting. A cold boot is when you turn on a
computer that has been turned off completely. A warm boot
is the process of using the operating system to restart the
computer.
Performs basic computer tasks
The operating system performs basic computer tasks, such
as managing the various peripheral devices such as the
mouse, keyboard and printers. For example, most operating
systems now are
Plug and play which means a device such as a printer will
automatically be detected an dconfigured without any user
intervention.
 What is Windows 10?
Windows 10 is the most recent version of the Microsoft Windows
operating system. There have been many different versions of
Windows over the years, including Windows 8 (released in
2012), Windows 7 (2009), Windows Vista (2006), and Windows
XP (2001). While older versions of Windows mainly ran on desktop
and laptop computers, Windows 10 is also designed to run equally
well on tablets.
How is Windows 10 different from other versions?
Many users complained that Windows 8, the previous version of
Windows, was confusing and difficult to use. As a result, Windows
10 looks and feels similar to older versions. Still, it includes a lot of
new features and improvements.
Start menu
Whereas Windows 8 uses the Start screen to launch applications,
Windows 10 has reintroduced a more traditional Start menu. It's also
been expanded to make it easier to find important apps.
 Tablet mode
Unlike Windows 8, Windows 10 makes a clear distinction between
desktops and tablets. If you're using a keyboard and mouse with Windows
10, you'll be in desktop mode by default. If your computer also has a touch
screen, you can go into tablet mode at any time. Tablet users can also
switch back to desktop mode if they prefer.
Using help and support functions
Computer's built-in help
Everyone needs to look for help sometimes. Luckily, when you want help
with a computer program, it’s usually easy to find. Most programs have a
help feature somewhere, and learning how to use it can make a big
difference. You may not find everything you need, but your computer’s
built-in help is a great place to start.
Different programs integrate help features in different ways. Some are like
interactive manuals included with the program that you can open with a
menu, while others are just links to the developer’s support website. But
they’re always designed with the same thing in mind: to help you learn the
features of the program and to solve problems yourself.
 2.1.Create and customize desktop icons
Desktop
Once you've signed in, the first thing you'll see is the desktop. You
can think of the desktop as the main workspace for your computer.
From here, you can view and manage your files, open applications,
access the Internet, and much more.
A desktop may also refer to any of the following:
A desktop is a term commonly used to describe a
desktop computer or system unit.
When referring to an operating system or GUI (graphical user
interface), the desktop is a system of organization of icons on a
screen. The Microsoft Windows desktop was first introduced with
Microsoft Windows 95 and included with every version of
Windows since then. The image below is an example of the
Microsoft Windows 10 desktop.
Desktop
 Icons are used to represent the different files, applications, and
commands on your computer. An icon is a small image that's intended
to give you an idea at a glance of what it represents, like a logo. Double-
clicking an icon on the desktop will open that application or file.
Sort by desktop icons
The icons on the desktop can be sorted so it is easy to find them. This
is a good way to group programs together that you use a lot. The long
way to do this is to drag each icon with the mouse to a place on the
desktop. A quicker way to sort by icons is to let the computer do it for
you.
The icons will sort themselves neatly in alphabetical (A-Z) order. You
can also sort them by type, size or date.
Sort desktop icons by Name
This sort will place all your program shortcuts together, and sorted
alphabetically; then, display all the folders on your desktop, also
displayed in alphabetical order; and, finally, all the files on your
desktop, themselves also sorted according to their file name.
 Sort desktop icons by Size
This is a useful sort to find all the large files on your desktop, especially if
you are running out of space and are looking for the large files you can either
delete, or move to an external drive. Since Windows 7 will show the smallest
files first, do the same sort again to see the largest files sorted first.
Tip: when you sort your desktop icons by size, folders will not be sorted
according to the size of their content; rather, they will be sorted next to
program shortcuts, which like folders take virtually no space on your desktop
(or hard drive). Keep in mind that some folders may take huge amount of disk
space, depending on their content!
Hide or show desktop icons
Like previous versions of Windows, some of desktop icons are visible
by default in Windows 10: this means that when you minimize all
programs and see your desktop, all icons are displayed. But you can also
hide your desktop icons, and show them back again any time you want.
If you accidentally hide your desktop icons, or if a prankster who has
access to your computer has hidden them, this lesson explains how to
quickly and easily show your desktop icons again.
 Working with multiple apps
When you open an app in tablet mode, it will take up the entire screen. If you want
to open another app, select the Back or Start button near the lower-left corner.

Manipulating application windows

An application—also known as a program—is a type of software

that allows you to complete tasks on your computer. Windows comes
with many built-in applications you can use. For example, if you want to
browse the Internet, you can use Microsoft
Edge (or Internet Explorer if you're using Windows 8 or earlier).
Windows 10 divides applications into two different types: Windows
apps and Desktop apps.
 Click the Maximize button to make the window fill the entire
screen

Minimize Maximize Close

If the screen is maximized, the Maximize button will be temporarily

replaced by.
 Organize basic directory/ folder structure and file
What is folder/Attributes?
Folders are a way of organizing your files so that it is easy to find
them. This is similar to a paper filing system. In a paper filing system
documents are organized into folders that describe what is in them.
For instance a folder called Power Bills will include gas and
electricity bills and payments. A folder called Stationery would
contain stationery orders, bills and catalogues. It is important to give
files and folders names that you and other members of staff can easily
recognize. Wolaita

Damot Gale Damot Pulasa Damot Woyde

Folder
 4.1.Organize user files
What is a file?
There are many different types of files you can use. For example,
Microsoft Word documents, digital photos, digital music, and digital
videos are all types of files. You might even think of a file as a digital
version of a real-world thing you can interact with on your computer.
When you use different applications, you'll often
be viewing, creating, or editing files.
Files are usually represented by an icon. In the image below, you can
see a few different types of files below the Recycle Bin on the
desktop.
 Downloads: By default, your computer will place downloaded files in a
specific folder, known as the Downloads folder. If you're having trouble
finding a file you downloaded from the Internet, such as a photo attached to
an email message, this is the first place you should look. To view the
Downloads folder, open File Explorer, then locate and
select Downloads (below Favorites on the left side of the window). A list of
your recently downloaded files will appear.
Recycle Bin: If you deleted a file by mistake, it may still be in the
Recycle Bin. You can double-click the Recycle Bin icon on the desktop to
open it. If you find the file you need, click and drag it back to the desktop or
to a different folder.
Searching for files
Let's say you recently downloaded a few photos that were attached to an
email message, but now you're not sure where these files are on your
computer. If you're struggling to find a file, you can always search for it.
Searching allows you to look for any file on your computer.
To search for a file:
In the Search Box next to the Start button, type to search for a file. The
 Using a USB drive
USB or flash drives are portable, making it easy to carry your
important files and documents with you wherever you go. USB drives
have different amounts of memory, or storage space. Those with more
memory allow you to store more (or larger) files. It's helpful to know
that photo and video files generally take up more space than written
documents.
What is formatting?
Formatting is the process of prepping a storage device, like a hard
drive, solid-state drive, flash drive etc, to store information. It creates
a filing system that organizes your data and allows you to maximize
the space for your files. It’s typical to format a drive when a new
operating system is going to be used or additional space is required.
 There are two types of formatting on a USB drive:
Quick format: Deletes the file system table and the root folder. This
option is frequently used for USB flash drives to efficiently free up the
available space to transfer or store other files. It’s not the most secure
way to delete your files because the data may still be recoverable with
data recovery tools.
Full format: Will scan for bad sectors and write zeros in all sectors,
which deletes all data permanently. This action can take a long time,
depending on the capacity of the drive.

USB Flash Drives External Hard Drives

 5.1.Creating word document
Open Word 2016 from the computer desktop. On the Welcome
page, note the various popular templates available. Click “Facet
design (blank)” template for a full description. Click “Create” to
open a document in this particular style.
 The Ribbon runs along the top, contains all the Word tools, and
is organized into three parts:
1. Tabs – represent a general activity area
2. Groups – show related tools (commands) together
3. Commands – a button, expandable menu, or a box for entering
related information
Click the various Tabs: observe how the Groups and Commands
change based on the selected Tab

Keyboard Shortcuts
These shortcuts are a handy way to use the mouse less. Activate
them by holding down one of the Ctrl (Control) keys on the keyboard
and tapping the corresponding key. For some shortcuts, you have to
highlight the text first. Follow your instructor’s directions to apply
these shortcuts to a document (if Paragraphs document is still open,
use it as an example or write a few new sentences on a blank page).
Keyboard Shortcuts
 5.2.Mail Merge
Mail merge is a tool which allows you to create form letters,
mailing labels and envelopes by linking a main document to
a data source. It is the process of combining a list of data
with a template.
The mail merge process involves the following:
The Main Document – contains the text and graphics that
are the same for each version of the merged document.
Data Source – a file that contains the information to be
merged into a document. For example, the names and
addresses of the recipients of a letter.
Mail Merge – Form Letters
1. Open Word and create a new blank document
2. Type the letter with all needed text and formatting, leaving room
for the data from the data source (example: name, address, etc.)
3. Click the Mailings tab
4. Click Start Mail Merge
5. Click Step-by-Step Mail Merge Wizard
The Mail Merge task pane appears on the right of your screen. Note
there are 6 steps.
Step 1 – Select Document Type
1.1 Click Letters for the document type
1.2 Click Next: Starting document
Step 2 – Select Starting Document
1. Click Use the current document under Select starting
document
2. Click Next: Select recipients
 Creating Tables
ID No Trainer Name Sex Age Department Mobile Number
ITR001/2015 Akilil Desta F 18 ICT +251910452511
ITR002/2015 Amenech Anja F 19 ICT +251911654323
ITR003/2015 Amisal Tadese F 20 ICT +251912546789
ITR004/2015 Betelehem Asrat F 20 ICT +251913657887
ITR005/2015 Bezabih Tafese M 18 ICT +251914323454
ITR006/2015 Dagim Degefu M 18 ICT +251915908765
ITR007/2015 Desalegn Demise M 19 ICT +251916876543
ITR008/2015 Eyob Mikael M 19 ICT +251917875643
ITR009/2015 Hana Tafese F 20 ICT +251918986534
ITR010/2015 Hiwot Kataro F 20 ICT +251919542365
ITR011/2015 Zelalem Desta M 21 ICT +251920764352
ITR012/2015 Mesay Mena M 20 ICT +251921654323
 Custom printing
Sometimes you may find it unnecessary to print your entire
document, in which case custom printing may be more suited for your
needs. Whether you're printing several individual pages or a range of
pages, Word allows you to specify exactly which pages you'd like to
print.
 Reference
https://www.tutorialspoint.com/
https://www.myamcat.com/samplePapers/SP_MS- EXCEL.pdf
https://edu.gcfglobal.org/en/topics/excel/
https://www.dtwd.wa.gov.au/sites
https://aspire-solidus-production.s3-ap-southeast-
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