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    7 views14 pages

    Vaccine

    Uploaded by

    Aman Hooda
    vaccines and its type with example

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Vaccine And its type with examples

    submitted to : Rajesh Dabor

    submitted by: Anshu

    rollno. :2213
    Introduction to Vaccines

    Vaccines play a vital role in protecting individuals from various infectious


    diseases by stimulating the immune system to create an immune response. They
    are made from either weakened or inactivated forms of the microbe, its toxins, or
    one of its surface proteins. This enables the body to recognize and fight the
    infection if it is ever exposed to the real pathogen. Vaccines have significantly
    reduced or eradicated many infectious diseases, saving millions of lives. They
    are a cornerstone of public health and continue to be at the forefront of medical
    advancements.
    History of Vaccine Discovery

    1 Early Observations
    The concept of immunization through inoculation was practiced in ancient civilizations to prevent
    smallpox.

    2 Edward Jenner's Breakthrough


    In the late 18th century, Jenner pioneered the smallpox vaccine using cowpox virus, leading to the
    birth of modern vaccinology.

    3 Expansion of Vaccine Development


    Throughout the 20th century, advancements in microbiology and virology led to the discovery and
    development of vaccines for various diseases.
    Types of Vaccines
    Inactivated Vaccines Live Attenuated Subunit, Recombinant,
    Vaccines and Conjugate Vaccines
    These vaccines use a dead
    version of the germ that causes a These vaccines use a weakened These vaccines use specific
    disease to stimulate an immune form of the germ that causes a pieces of the germ, such as its
    response. disease to trigger an immune protein, to provoke an immune
    response. response.
    Inactivated Vaccines
    1 Production Process 2 Example Vaccines 3 Effectiveness and
    Duration
    Inactivated vaccines are Common inactivated
    created by killing the vaccines include the polio They generally require
    disease-causing microbe vaccine, hepatitis A multiple doses to build
    using heat, chemicals, or vaccine, and the rabies immunity and often
    radiation. vaccine. provide long-lasting
    protection.
    Live Attenuated Vaccines
    Production Method Common Examples Immune Response
    Live vaccines use a weakened Polio vaccine, measles, They usually provide strong
    form of the germ, which can mumps, and rubella vaccine and long-lasting immunity
    still replicate but not cause are all examples of live after a single dose.
    disease. attenuated vaccines.
    Subunit, Recombinant, and Conjugate
    Vaccines

    Subunit Vaccines Recombinant Vaccines Conjugate Vaccines


    Contain only the essential antigens Genetically engineered to produce Combine a weak antigen with a
    of the pathogen, reducing the risk specific antigens for immune strong one to enhance the immune
    of side effects. response induction. response.
    Nucleic Acid Vaccines

    Technology Advancement Future Potential


    Nucleic acid vaccines use genetic material like They represent a promising platform for quick
    DNA or RNA to incite an immune response. vaccine development in response to emerging
    diseases.
    Production of Vaccines using Eggs

    100M 1940s
    Influenza Vaccines Historical Use
    Approximately 100 million doses of influenza vaccine Egg-based vaccine production dates back to the 1940s
    are produced using chicken eggs each year. and remains a common method.
    Production of Vaccines using Cell Cultures

    Method Production in cell cultures involves growing the


    virus in animal cells rather than eggs.

    Advantages This method can be faster and can provide a


    solution for people with egg allergies.

    Examples Some vaccines produced using cell cultures include


    the hepatitis A vaccine and the rabies vaccine.
    Advantages and Disadvantages of Vaccines

    Advantages:
    • Prevent the spread of infectious diseases
    • Protect individuals from serious illnesses
    • Help develop herd immunity
    • Reduce the risk of outbreaks

    Disadvantages:
    • Possible side effects, although rare
    • Not 100% effective for everyone
    • Religious or philosophical objections
    • Cost and accessibility issues in some areas

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