Lesson 10 Waste Management

WASTE
MANAGEMEN
T
Activity 1- Cloud Me with Wastes!
1) In a one whole sheet of bond paper make a word

cloud on WASTE ; Take this as an example:
TYPES OF WASTE
Waste is defined as unwanted materials and is regarded as

substance of no use. The types of wastes can be in a form of
solid, liquid, or gaseous by-products resulting from human
biological processes, manufacturing, materials processing,
consumption of goods, or any other human activities.
WHAT’S IN?
The enormous negative effects of the different types of

wastes in the environment brings dilemma to the globe.
In this lesson you will learn how the different types of
waste put risk to the health and the environment. You
will also learn the ways on how to reduce waste
production and look for possible solutions to the
problem against wastes.
Activity 2- TRASH SMASH!
Objectives: Investigate how long does the trashes degrade in the

environment.
Materials:
Worksheet
Earth Science book (or any related references)
Pen
Internet (Optional)
Procedure:
1. Accomplish the worksheet by estimating how long does it takes for
the trashes to decompose or degrade in the environment.
2. You can use an Earth science book or any related references. The use
of internet is highly encouraged.
3. Do this activity and answer the guide questions. (Sample of the
worksheet is on the next page.)
“There is no such thing as 'away'. When
we throw anything away it must go
somewhere.”
TYPES OF WASTES
In general, the wastes may be classified into

categories:
TYPES OF WASTE
1. Solid wastes – These are the unwanted substances that are discarded by human
society. These include urban wastes, industrial wastes, agricultural wastes,
biomedical wastes and radioactive wastes.
2. Liquid wastes – Wastes generated from washing, flushing or manufacturing
processes of industries are called liquid wastes.
3. Gaseous wastes – These are the wastes that are released in the form of gases from
automobiles, factories or burning of fossil fuels like petroleum. They get mixed in
the other gases atmosphere and occasionally cause events such as smog and acid
rain.
SOURCES OF WASTE
A. Medical or Clinical sources of wastes
 Wastes produced from health care

facilities, such as hospitals, clinics,
surgical theaters, veterinary hospitals,
and labs are referred to as
medical/clinical waste. This includes
surgical items, pharmaceuticals, blood,
body parts, wound dressing materials,
needles and syringes
B. Agricultural sources of wastes
 Waste generated by agricultural activities,

including horticulture, livestock breeding,
market gardens and seedling nurseries, are
called agricultural wastes. Wastes
generated from this source include empty
pesticide containers, old silage wrap, out
of date medicines and wormers, used tires,
surplus milk, cocoa pods and corn husks.
C. Industrial Sources of Wastes
 These are the wastes released from

manufacturing and processing
industries like chemical plants, cement
factories, power plants, textile
industries, food processing industries,
petroleum industries. These industries
produce different types of waste
products.
D. Wastes from Construction or Demolition
 Concrete debris, wood, huge package

boxes and plastics from the building
materials comprise construction waste,
which is yielded as a result of the
construction of roads and building.
Demolition of old buildings and
structures also generate wastes and these
are called demolition waste.
E. Commercial Sources
As a result of the advancement of

modem cities, industries and
automobiles, wastes are generated
daily on a large scale from commercial
enterprises. These may include food
items, disposable medical items,
textiles and much more.
F. Mining Sources
 Mining activities also generate wastes

that have the potential to disturb the
physical, chemical and biological
features of the land and atmosphere. The
wastes include the overburden material,
mine tailings (the waste left after
extracting the ore from the rock), harmful
gases released by blasting etc.
G. Radioactive Sources
Radioactive sources of wastes

include nuclear reactors, mining
of radioactive substances and
atomic explosions.
H. Electronic sources of waste
 The DVD and music players, TV, Telephones,

computers, vacuum cleaners and all the other
electrical stuff at your home, which are of no
more use, are electronic wastes. These are also
called e-waste, e-scrap, or waste electrical and
electronic equipment (WEEE). Some e-waste
(like TV) contains lead, mercury and
cadmium, which are harmful to humans and
the environment.
CHARACTERISTICS OF WASTES
Classification of Waste
1. Biodegradable waste- can be degraded (paper,wood,fruits and others).

2. Non-biodegradable waste-cannot be degraded (plastics, bottles,old machines,cans
etc.)
3. Hazardous wastes are substances unsafe to use commercially, industrially,
agriculturally, or economically and have any of the following properties-
ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity & toxicity.
4. Non-hazardous are substances safe to use commercially, industrially,
agriculturally, or economically and do not have any of those properties mentioned
above. These substances usually create disposal problems.
What are the Impacts of
Wastes on People’s Health
and the Environment?
What are the Impacts of Wastes on People’s
Health and the Environment?
 Improper solid waste management practices can have a number of

environmental and health impacts.
 Other sources include illegal dumps, street sweepings and litter and
rubbish from roads, open spaces and water bodies.
 People who live near or within dumpsites are vulnerable to various
diseases.
 Leachate from solid waste can contaminate groundwater tables and
surface waters. Insects and pests in open dumpsites are disease vectors.
What are the Impacts of Wastes on People’s
Health and the Environment?
 Methane gases from dumpsites can affect the health of exposed populations and
contribute to global warming.
 Coastal and marine litter affects aesthetics, causes pollution, and harms marine
organisms.
 Improperly managed solid wastes also can result in increased flooding and
destruction of infrastructures due to clogged waterways.
 The World Health Organization and the World Bank estimate that approximately
88% of diarrhea cases worldwide can be attributed to poor water quality,
sanitation, and hygiene.
What are the ways to
mitigate and manage
wastes?
1. Avoidance, Reduction and Reuse.
 The most preferred option is waste avoidance and reduction where the
ultimate goal is to reduce the amount of materials entering the waste stream.
 Apart from avoidance, achieving this goal involves product reuse, increased
product durability, reduced material use in production and decreased
consumption.
 Behavioral change is deemed necessary in the exercise of this option as
lifestyle demands often favor convenience over conservation with minimal
regard for long-term environmental consequences.
2. Segregation at Source.
 In cases where segregation at source and segregated storage are not practiced
by households, communities and businesses, most solid wastes end up as
“mixed garbage”.
 This may be due to limited awareness, appreciation and discipline on the part
of the citizenry, lack of incentives and enforcement ordinances on the part of
the government, or inadequate support facilities in place to receive pre-
segregated materials.
 To address this problem, some LGUs provide segregated waste containers and
implement color codes to aid in the easy identification of segregated bins.
3. Segregated Collection.
 Collection is the act of removing solid waste from the source or from a communal
storage point. It is regarded as potentially the most expensive of the functional
elements of Solid Waste Management.
 Waste collection techniques include 1) door-to door – where waste materials are
collected in every house within a target area to recover recyclables to be sold to
junkshops and biodegradables either for use as animal feeds or for composting
and 2) block or communal – which utilizes MRFs in barangays that are within or
near the targeted collection area. This process separates the biodegradable and
non-biodegradable wastes.
4. Recycling
This is vital in reducing waste by processing raw

materials into a more usable product. Recycling saves
the environment by reducing gas pollutants that may
contribute to the climate change. Recycling can also
reduce landfill and can generate money as well.
5. Composting.
It is an aerobic method (meaning that it requires the

presence of air) of decomposing organic solid wastes.
It can therefore be used to recycle organic material.
The process involves decomposition of organic
material into a humus-like material, known as
compost, which is a good fertilizer for plants.
6. No Single-Use Plastic Policy.
 Single-use plastics have been in the spotlight for the past years
because of its impact on our environment. It pollutes throughout its
lifecycle beginning from extraction, refining, and ending in their
disposal in the oceans and waterways, soil, and in the air we breathe
through burning or incineration.
 In fact, it does not only impact our environment but also our health,
livelihoods, food and wildlife. Further, plastics do not biodegrade.
Instead they slowly break down into smaller pieces of plastic called
microplastics.

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WASTE

1) In a one whole sheet of bond paper make a word

Waste is defined as unwanted materials and is regarded as

The enormous negative effects of the different types of

Objectives: Investigate how long does the trashes degrade in the

In general, the wastes may be classified into

 Wastes produced from health care

 Waste generated by agricultural activities,

 These are the wastes released from

 Concrete debris, wood, huge package

As a result of the advancement of

 Mining activities also generate wastes

Radioactive sources of wastes

 The DVD and music players, TV, Telephones,

1. Biodegradable waste- can be degraded (paper,wood,fruits and others).

 Improper solid waste management practices can have a number of

This is vital in reducing waste by processing raw

It is an aerobic method (meaning that it requires the

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