Chapter 14 Lesson 3 Hormones

Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

1. Describe hormones;
2. Identify in diagrams and images specific endocrine
glands and state the hormones they secrete, limited to:
a. Adrenal glands and adrenaline
Chapter 14 b. Pancreas and insulin

c. Testes and testosterone
Lesson 3 Hormones
d. Ovaries and estrogen
Frederick Atienza Andal 3. Describe adrenalin as the hormone secreted in the fight
or flight situations and its effect;
4. Compare nervous and hormonal control, limited to
speed of action and duration of effect
Endocrine system
The endocrine system is a system of ductless glands that release
chemicals (hormones) into the blood to regulate body functions
regulates, coordinates and controls: • A hormone is a chemical messenger that is
• Growth and development. transported via the bloodstream to act on
• Male and female development. distant target cells
• How your body uses energy. • Hormones are specific and will only activate
• Levels of salts and sugars in your blood. cells or tissues that possess the appropriate
• The amount (volume) of fluid in your body. target receptor
• Appetite. • The endocrine system is slower to initiate,
• Many other body functions. but has a more prolonged response when
compared to the nervous system
Endocrine system
Endocrine system
Endocrine glands Exocrine glands

Products is secreted directly Products is secreted into the ducts
into the blood that lead to target tissue
Hormones
Enzymes
• A chemical substance,
produced by a gland • a catalysts that speeds up
and carried by the the chemical reaction
blood, which alters the (Chapter 5)
activity of one or more
specific target organs
Endocrine system
Endocrine glands
Products is secreted directly
into the blood
• Major endocrine glands include the pancreas, adrenal

gland, thyroid gland, pineal gland and the gonads
(ovaries and testes)
• The hypothalamus and pituitary gland are neuroendocrine
glands and function to link the nervous and endocrine
systems
• Some organs may also secrete hormones despite not being
endocrine glands (e.g. adipose tissue secretes leptin)
Endocrine system
Examples of endocrine
glands
Hypothalamus • It secretes certain neurochemicals
• the section of the brain that (called releasing factors) into a
links the nervous and portal system which stimulate or
endocrine systems in order to inhibit the pituitary gland
maintain homeostasis • It also secretes certain hormones
• It receives information from directly into the bloodstream via
nerves throughout the body and neurosecretory cells that extend
other parts of the brain and into the pituitary gland
initiates endocrine responses
Endocrine system
• The pituitary gland receives
The pituitary gland lies adjacent instructions from the hypothalamus
to the hypothalamus and is in direct and consists of two lobes (anterior and
posterior lobe)
contact due to a portal blood system
• The anterior lobe
(adenohypophysis) releases
• The pituitary gland is often
hormones in response to
referred to as the ‘master stimulation by hypothalamic
gland’, as it controls the releasing factors
secretion of a number of other • The posterior lobe
endocrine glands (neurohypophysis) releases

hormones produced by the
hypothalamus itself (via
neurosecretory cells)
Endocrine system
Hormones of endocrine glands
Adrenal glands
• Attached to the back of the
abdominal cavity, one above each
kidney
• Adrenal medulla – part of adrenal
gland (produces adrenalin)
Where it acts on:

• heart, blood vessels, eyes, muscles
Endocrine system
What it does:
• stimulates heart rate, increases blood
pressure, dilates pupils
• Causes "Adrenaline Rush”
• A 'fight and flight' hormone
• It is released in high stress conditions or
in excitement or fear
• Loud noise, high temperature etc. may
also trigger its release since these are
also high stress situations
Endocrine system
Role of adrenaline:
• Adrenaline affects the body including the liver and heart;
• In the liver, it stimulates the conversion of glycogen to
glucose;
• Glucose then passes into the blood stream;
• Increase glucose concentration in the blood results to
increase in heart rate (though adrenaline increases the heart
rate);
• Increase levels of glucose available to cells enable them to
respire faster, making more available energy.
• When adrenaline is no longer needed, liver converted it to
less active compound, which is excreted by the kidneys.
Endocrine system
Pancreas
• Digestive glands that secretes enzymes into
duodenum through pancreatic duct
• Ductless gland
Blood sugar regulation by two hormones secreted by

the Islets of Langerhans cells
1. Insulin – secreted when the blood glucose is high;
instructs the cells to uptake them and the muscle
and liver to store them as glycogen.
2. Glucagon – secreted when the blood glucose is low

to instruct muscle and liver cells to break down
glucagon and release in the blood
Endocrine system
Reproductive organs
• The ovaries and testis produce hormones and
gametes
• Oestrogen – (ovary)prepares the uterus for the

implantation of the embryo (lining thicker and
increase blood supply)
• Secondary female characteristics
• Testosterone – (testes) secondary male

characteristics
Read:
Going further: performance enhancing – hormones
Thank you.

Chapter 14 Lesson 3 Hormones

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Chapter 14 Lesson 3 Hormones

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Objectives:

At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:

Chapter 14 b. Pancreas and insulin

regulates, coordinates and controls: • A hormone is a chemical messenger that is

• Growth and development. transported via the bloodstream to act on

• Male and female development. distant target cells

• The amount (volume) of fluid in your body. target receptor

• Appetite. • The endocrine system is slower to initiate,

Endocrine glands Exocrine glands

• Major endocrine glands include the pancreas, adrenal

The pituitary gland lies adjacent instructions from the hypothalamus

endocrine glands (neurohypophysis) releases

Hormones of endocrine glands

Where it acts on:

Blood sugar regulation by two hormones secreted by

2. Glucagon – secreted when the blood glucose is low

• Oestrogen – (ovary)prepares the uterus for the

• Testosterone – (testes) secondary male

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