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PP9. Sex Chromosomes
PP9. Sex Chromosomes
GRADE 12 CAPS
STRUCTURED, CLEAR, PRACTICAL -
HELPING TEACHERS UNLOCK THE
POWER OF NCS
KNOWLEDGE AREA:
Life Processes in Plants and
Animals
Sex Chromosomes
SUMMARY OF PRESENTATION:
Sex Chromosomes
Sex Determination
Haemophilia
Colour Blindness
SEX CHROMOSOMES:
Every species has a specific
number of chromosomes
as mentioned earlier.
You must also remember
that the shape and size of
the chromosome is unique
to the species too.
Karyotype of human
The number, shape and
arrangement of all the
chromosomes in the
nucleus of the somatic cell
is called the
karyotype. Karyotype of Dog
SEX CHROMOSOMES:
You should also remember that in every somatic cell
there are 23 pairs of chromosomes.
22 pairs are the autosomes and 1 pair is the gonosome.
Remember the gonosome is the sex chromosome.
There are 2 types of gonosomes or sex chromosomes.
These are the X and Y chromosome.
So in a female there are 2 XX chromosomes and 22
pairs of autosomes.
In males there are XY chromosomes and 22 pairs of
autosomes.
The shape and size of the gonosome is different in both
male and females.
SEX CHROMOSOMES:
Therefore the karyotype of both the males and
females is different.
SEX CHROMOSOMES:
Look at the male
karyotype.
Look at pair 23, there are
2 different chromosomes.
One is taller than the
other.
The reason for this
difference is because one
is the X chromosome and
the other is the Y
chromosome.
SEX CHROMOSOMES:
Look at the female
karyotype.
Once again look at
pair 23.
Here we can see that
both these
chromosomes are
similar.
This is because they
are both X
chromosomes.
SEX CHROMOSOMES:
We can see that there is definitely a difference
between male and female karyotypes.
Karotype
DEFINITION: USE IN SENTENCE:
Symptoms:
1. When the blood leaves the blood vessel it does
not clot.
2. Internal bleeding at joints. This can lead to
arthritis.
3. Can bleed to death without treatment.
HAEMOPHILIA:
Treatment:
Causes…
Like haemophilia it is caused by a recessive allele
on the X chromosome.
COLOUR BLINDNESS:
Symptoms…
Treatment…