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Anti-Viral Chemotherapy
Anti-Viral Chemotherapy
1-Nucleotide analogues
These are synthetic compounds which resemble
nucleosides, but have an incomplete or abnormal
deoxy-ribose /or ribose group
These compounds are phosphorylated to the tri-phosphate
form within the infected cell.
Passive Immunization
Passive immunization is the transfer of immunity to a host by
means of immunoglobulins (preformed antibodies).
3. Safety
vaccine itself should not cause disease
4. Stable
retain immunogenicity, despite adverse storage conditions prior to
administration
5. Inexpensive
Types of Vaccine
Vaccines in general use include: LIVE vaccines; and KILLED vaccines
Also Subcellular fractions . Recombinant proteins and DNA VACCINES.
3. Safety
vaccine itself should not cause disease. Safety.
Danger of reversion to virulence, or Severe disease in immunocomprised
4. Stable
retain immunogenicity, despite adverse storage conditions prior to
administration Organisms in the vaccine must remain viable in order to
infect and replicate in the host
2. Stability
Efficacy of the vaccine does not rely on the viability of the organisms.
These vaccines tend to be able to withstand more adverse storage
conditions.
3. Expense
Expensive to prepare.
C.Subcellular fractions
When protective immunity is known to be
directed against only one or two proteins
of an organism, it may be possible to use a
purified preparation of these proteins as a
vaccine.
The organism is grown in bulk and inactivated, and then the protein
of interest is purified and concentrated from the culture suspension.
These vaccines are safe and fewer local reactions occur at the
injection site.
1. Aluminium salts
First safe and effective compound to be used in
human vaccines.
It promotes a good antibody response, but poor
cell mediated immunity.
Liposomes and Immunostimulating complexes .2
(ISCOMS)
5. Muramyl di-peptide
Derived from Mycobacterial cell wall.
6. Cytokines
IL-2, IL-12 and Interferon-gamma.
POSSIBLE MODES OF ACTION:
By trapping antigen in the tissues, thus allowing
maximal exposure to dendritic cells and specific T and
B lymphocytes.