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EDUC 6 Historical Foundations
EDUC 6 Historical Foundations
Founda t i ons
OF CURRICULUM
EDUC 6
Historical Foundations
The historical foundation will show us the
chronological development along a time
line. Reading materials would tell us that
curriculum development started when
Franklin Bobbit (1876-1956) wrote the
book “The Curriculum”.
The Contributors
Franklin Bobbit
• He started the curriculum development
movement.
• Curriculum is a science that emphasizes students’
needs.
• Curriculum prepares learners doied.r adult life.
• Objectives and activities should group together
when tasks are clarified.
We rre t C h a rt e rs
• Like Bobbit, he posited that curriculum is
science and emphasizes students’ needs.
• Objectives and activities should match.
Subject matter or content relates to
objectives.
William Kilpartick
• Curricula are purposeful activities which are child-
centered.
• The purpose of the curriculum is child
development and growth. He introduced this
project method where teacher and student plan the
activities.
• Curriculum develops social relationships and small
group instruction.
Harold Rugg
In T he Philippines
Introduction
There are major events in the life of the Filipinos That
have great impact on their educational system. For about
365 years, three colonizers interchangeably dominated
the Philippines and used education in different ways to
spread their principles and beliefs. Thus, education in our
country has undergone various changes throughout the
years. The differences in ideologies among the colonizers
resulted in variation in the content and strategies of the
curriculum in line with their goals and objectives.
Pre-Hispanic Period
Filipinos had no formal schools. learning began in
the home. Education was oral, practical and hands-
on. Pre-Spanish children were taught reading,
writing, and arithmetic by their parents.
Basically, the objective of education during this
period was to prepare children to become good
husbands and wives as well as to become productive
members of the community.
Spanish Period
The arrival of the Spaniards in the Philippines paved way
to the establishment of schools in the country. The friars
established parochial schools in accordance with the
primary goal of colonial education to spread Christianity
throughout archipelago. Education was managed,
supervised and controlled by the friars. in addition,
education during this period was privileged only to
Spanish students. Public education for the natives began
in the late 19th century.
Spanish Period
The Educational Decree of 1863
• Implemented in the colony which required the
establishment of one primary school for boys and one for
girls in each major town in the country.
• The same decree provided for the establishment of
normal school for the training of teachers with a mastery
of the Spanish language, under the direction of the
Jesuits, as Spanish shall be the medium instruction in all
schools.
Spanish Period
The education was characterized by the absence of a
systematic government supervision of the schools,
over-emphasis on religion, limited and irrelevant
curriculum, obsolete teaching methods, poor
classroom facilities, and inadequate instructional
materials. There wa also racial discrimination against
Filipino students and absence of academic freedom.
P h i l i pp ine R e v o l u t i o n
Many schools in the country were closed because of the
revolution but were reopened on August 29, 1898 by the
Secretary of Interior. President Aguinaldo ordered the opening of
these schools. A system of free and compulsory primary
education was established. Secondary education was provided by
the government through Burgos Institute in Malolos. Tertiary
education, on the other hand was also provided by the
government with the establishment of the LIterary University of
the Philippines in October 1898.
American Period
In her nearly 50 years of rule in the Philippines,
America was able to effectively influenced
Philippine Educational system. They Used
education as an instrument to pacify the natives
and eventually colonizing the island. Americans
started opening schools in Manila at the time
they were still in the process of consolidating
their position in the city.
American Period 01 January 1901
The Taft Commission enacted Act No. 74 which established the
Philippines public school system. This law provided for free
primary education and the establishment of a school for the
training of Filipino teachers. Furthermore, it required for teaching
of English in school..
1. to make people understand the position of the 2. to eradicate the old idea of the reliance upon the
Philippines as a member of the Greater East-Asia western nations and to foster a new Filipino culture
Co-prosperity Sphere. Thus, to promote friendly on the self consciousness of the people as
relations between Japan and the Philippines to the Orientals.,
furthest extent,
Ja pa n e se Oc c u p a t i o n
3. to endeavor to elevate the morals of the people 5. to put importance to the diffusion of elementary
giving up over emphasis on materialism , education and to the promotion of vocational
education, and
4. to strive for the diffusion of the Japanese
language in the Philippines and to terminate the 6. to inspire the people with the spirit of love and
use of English in due course, labor.
Ja p a n e se Oc c u p a t i o n
On October 14, 1943, the Japanese sponsored Republic created the Ministry of
Education. There were important changes in the curriculum in this period.
EDUC 6