STATUTOR

Y LAW
Reporters:
Queenie Urena
Maricar Sison
Raquel Cecelia Tiu
Ma. Rosalinda Salano
 THE PHILIPPINES
CONSTITUTION
Law and law of the highest authoritativeness and
obligation

The ultimate authority to which reference must be

made to determine the validity of national laws,
administrative regulations, local ordinances and
executive actions.
 SPANISH PERIOD
 Ferdinand Magellan planted the sword and the cross
on Philippine soil in 1521 and for nearly four
centuries, the Philippines became the dominion of
Spain.
SPANISH PERIOD
 The year 1808 marked the start of Spanish
constitutional history. However, except for short
periods, the colony did not secure the benefits of
the Constitution of the Spanish monarchy.
SPANISH PERIOD
 The year 1808 marked the start of Spanish
constitutional history. However, except for short
periods, the colony did not secure the benefits of
the Constitution of the Spanish monarchy.
 THE TREATY OF PARIS
 The Treaty of Paris of 1898 was a significant event in Philippine history, marking the end of

the war between the United States and Spain and initiating constitutional developments in the
Philippines. It led to the establishment of various organic laws that gradually expanded
Philippine self-government. This process culminated in the adoption of the Constitution of
the Philippines and the declaration of Philippine Independence on July 4, 1946. The Treaty of
Paris, including its supplemental protocol and related treaties, is considered part of the
supreme law of the Philippines, with its provisions often cited in legal cases. The official text
of the treaty can be found in various official publications and repositories, including the
Official Gazette and U.S. Statutes at Large.
 THE MALOLOS
CONSTITUTION OF 1899
 The Malolos Constitution, born from centuries of resistance against Spanish and American rule,

was ratified on November 29, 1898, and proclaimed on January 21, 1899, establishing the
foundation of the Philippine Republic. Influenced by previous constitutional efforts and sources
like the Katipunan's charter and Biak-na-Bato Constitution, it emphasized justice, defense,
welfare, and liberty in its preamble, affirming sovereignty in the people. Modeled after the
Spanish Constitution, it enshrined a comprehensive Bill of Rights, protecting freedoms of
religion, speech, press, and association.
 The unicameral legislature, known as the assembly of representatives,
featured four-year terms and included Secretaries of Government. Executive
power rested with the President, exercised through secretaries, while
judicial power was vested in a Supreme Court and other courts as per
special laws. The President of the Supreme Court and the Solicitor-General
were appointed by the National Assembly with the President's concurrence.
 AMERICAN PERIOD
 Admiral Dewey's triumph over the Spanish fleet in Manila

Bay, coupled with the American forces' seizure of Manila

and the official confirmation of the peace treaty with
Spain, signified the beginning of the United States'
constitutional influence in the Philippines.
 ORGANIC LAWS
 1. Pres. McKinley's Instructions of April 7, 1900

These instructions directed the Taft Commission in governing the Philippines,

granting legislative powers to the Philippine Commission. The Commission had
authority over various aspects of governance, including the formation of courts,
municipal governments, and educational systems. These instructions are
significant as they established the groundwork for the legislative authority in the
Philippines under American rule.
2. The Spooner Amendment of March 2, 1901

This amendment marked the transition from military to civil governance in the
Philippines. It vested essential powers for governing the Philippines in the
President of the United States, leading to the establishment of the role of Civil
Governor and the retention of legislative authority by the Philippine
Commission. The Spooner Amendment laid the foundation for the civil
government in the Philippines under American rule.
3.The Philippine Bill of 1902

Enacted on July 1, 1902, this bill governed civil administration in the

Philippines and acknowledged the existing government structure established
by President McKinley. It provided for the establishment of the Philippine
Assembly and regulated various aspects of governance, including public lands
and commerce. The Philippine Bill played a crucial role in shaping the
legislative and administrative framework of the Philippines under American
rule.
 4. The Philippine Autonomy Act of 1916 (Jones Law):

Enacted on August 29, 1916, the Jones Law replaced previous organic laws and
served as the principal governing legislation for the Philippines until the
establishment of the Commonwealth. It established a bicameral legislature and
granted general legislative power to the Philippine Legislature. The Jones Law
marked a significant step towards self-governance for the Philippines and
shaped its political and administrative structure during the American colonial
period.
 THE COMMONWEALTH
 ThePERIOD
Tydings-McDuffieLaw of 1934

Signed by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt on March 24, 1934, and approved by the
Philippine Legislature on May 1, 1934, this law facilitated the transfer of American
sovereignty over the Philippines. It provided for a ten-year transition period leading to the
establishment of an all-Filipino Commonwealth government. The law authorized Filipinos
to draft a constitution through a delegate convention, aiming for independence. Legislative
history can be found in the Philippine Charter of Liberty, and the full text is available in the
U.S. Statutes at Large and U.S. Code.
 The 1935 Philippine Constitution:

Empowered by the Philippine Independence Law, a Constitutional Convention

was convened to establish a constitution and form of government for the
Philippines. Delegates were elected as outlined in the law, and the convention
took place in the House of Representatives' hall in the Philippine capital. The
convention aimed to formulate a constitution for the Commonwealth of the
Philippine Islands, with the Philippine Legislature responsible for funding the
convention's expenses.
 THE JAPANESE PERIOD (1943
CONSTITUTION)
 During the Japanese occupation, the 1943 Constitution of the Republic of the

Philippines was drafted by the Preparatory Commission for Philippine

Independence led by Jose P. Laurel. Omitted certain features due to the
prevailing national emergency, including universal suffrage and specific
provisions on the bill of rights. It was a product of a time marked by Japanese
military occupation and restrictions.
 THE JAPANESE PERIOD (1943
CONSTITUTION)
 During the Japanese occupation, the 1943 Constitution of the Republic of the

Philippines was drafted by the Preparatory Commission for Philippine

Independence led by Jose P. Laurel. Omitted certain features due to the
prevailing national emergency, including universal suffrage and specific
provisions on the bill of rights. It was a product of a time marked by Japanese
military occupation and restrictions.
 PERIOD AFTER PHILIPPINE
INDEPENDENCE IN 1946:
 A. Martial Law Declaration

Martial Law was declared on September 21, 1972, during the 1971 Constitutional Convention. Despite this, the
Convention approved the proposed Constitution of the Republic of the Philippines. Subsequently, the President
issued Presidential Decree No. 73, presenting the Constitution for ratification by the Filipino people.

 B. The 1973 Constitution

Introduces a parliamentary system, replacing the presidential system outlined in the 1935 Constitution.
Establishes a President as head of State, a National Assembly, and a Prime Minister chosen from National
Assembly members.
 C. Amendments to the 1973 Constitution:

Ratified seven amendments in a referendum-plebiscite in 1976, granting concurrent

lawmaking powers to the President and establishing an Interim Batasang Pambansa. These
changes led to the creation of a 120-member Batasang Pambansa.

 D. The Provisional Constitution of 1986:

Established after the "People Power" movement in February 1986, which led to the
installation of a new government with Corazon Aquino as President. Aquino declared a
revolutionary government and issued Proclamation No. 1, asserting power based on the
people's will. The Freedom Constitution adopted certain provisions from the 1973
Constitution.
 E. The 1987 Constitution:

Developed after the People Power movement, it was ratified in May

1987. It defines the Philippines as a republican and democratic state,
emphasizing civilian authority over the military, advocating for non-
nuclear policies, promoting NGO participation in national welfare,
safeguarding rights of the accused, and establishing a bicameral
legislature with a six-year term for the President.
 TREATIES AND
INTERNATIONAL
AGREEMENTS
 Treaties and international agreements in the Philippines hold equal authority to

legislative enactments, serving as compacts between nations for public welfare. The
Philippines participates in numerous international agreements, with official texts
published in the Official Gazette and the Treaty Series by the Department of Foreign
Affairs. Secondary materials by legal experts such as Abad Santos, Salonga, Coquia,
Cruz, and Santiago provide valuable insights into treaties and international law,
enriching understanding in this legal domain.
STATUTES ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE

1. LEGISLATION IN GENERAL

The formal enactment of laws by competent authority

and in the proper manner.
The most important source of law in modern times.
Being a primarily civil law jurisdiction, the
primary source of law in the Philippines is
legislation. The legislature in the Philippines is
known as the Congress which has a lower
house, the House of Representative and an
upper house, and the Senate.
 A. CONSTITUTIONAL
PROVISIONS
 The 1987 Constitution of the Philippines establishes the Congress as

the legislative body, comprising the Senate and the House of

Representatives. The Senate consists of 24 Senators elected at large,
while the House has up to 250 members elected from legislative
districts and party-list organizations. Reapportionment is mandated
every three years after the census.
 B. TYPES OF LEGISLATION
 "Statute Law" is often used interchangeably with "legislation," referring

to laws passed by a legislative body. In this context, "legislation"

encompasses a broader scope, including administrative regulations, local
ordinances, and constitutional provisions. Despite varying levels of
authority, all forms of legislation serve as rule-prescribing instruments
governing political power and protecting individual interests.
 C. FORM OF STATUTES

The 1987 Constitution mandates that every bill passed

by Congress must focus on a single subject, as stated in

its title. These bills, upon enactment, become Republic
Acts, sequentially numbered.
 D. THE ENACTMENT OF
STATUTES
 Article VI of the 1987 Constitution mandates three readings for bills with

distribution to members three days prior to passage, unless the President

certifies urgency. After the final reading, amendments are prohibited, and
immediate voting follows with recorded yeas and nays. Bills approved by
Congress are sent to the President for signing or vetoing. In case of veto, the
bill returns to Congress for reconsideration, requiring a two-thirds majority in
both Houses for enactment. The President can veto specific items in
appropriation, revenue, or tariff bills without affecting others.
 E. THE CONSTRUCTION OF
STATUTES
 In statutory interpretation, while the "plain meaning rule" initially

suggests interpreting laws based solely on their clear language,

exceptions arise for absurd outcomes. Despite challenges in
discerning legislative intent, courts often use extrinsic aids like
committee reports or floor statements to determine it. The weight
given to these aids depends on their reliability in reflecting the
collective intention of the legislature.
 2. HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE
 a. Pre-Spanish Period
LEGISLATION
During the pre-Spanish period in the Philippines, barangay chieftains enacted
laws with community elders' approval to maintain order. Laws were disseminated
by public announcers, and violators faced immediate judgment by the chieftain.
Two laws, the Maragtas Code and the Code of Kalantiao from Panay Island, are
historically known, though their existence is debated. Research on pre-Spanish
legislation includes works by Romualdez, Malcolm, Cuyugan, and Blair and
Robertson.
 B. SPANISH PERIOD
 Spanish colonial legislation in the Philippines treated indigenous

people as legal minors, under the "la república de los Indios," with
separate laws and magistrates. Two types of laws were enforced:
those for Spanish citizens extended to the Philippines, and laws
specific to the colony.
 B. MODERN SPANISH CODES
In 1811, Cortes in Cadiz initiated codification of Spanish

laws. In 1813, a commission of five experts began the task,

which spanned the 19th century, covering civil, penal, and
procedural laws.
 B. MODERN SPANISH CODES
 The legal evolution in Spain and the Philippines saw significant milestones: The

1830 Codigo de Comercio, influenced by the French Code of Commerce, was

replaced by the 1885 version in Spain (1886) and the Philippines (1888). The
Codigo Penal of 1822 gave way to the Penal Code of 1870, extended to the
Philippines in 1887. The Civil and Criminal Procedure Codes were enacted in 1853
and 1882, effective in the Philippines by 1855 and 1887 respectively. The Codigo
Civil of 1889, modeled after the Code Napoleon, faced delays before enactment in
1888, extending to the Philippines in 1889, except for marriage-related sections.
LAWS SPECIALLY ENACTED FOR
THE COLONIES
In general, the law of Spain applied also in the colonies.

Special colonial regulations were devised to meet the

requirements of the colonies without too great a
deviation from the law that governed the mother
country.
A. LEGISLATION FOR THE
COLONIES
 The legislation of the Indies embraced the royal
cedulas, decrees, provisions, sentences, resolutions,
judicial acts and letters referring to public or private
law.
A. LEGISLATION FOR THE
COLONIES
 The laws for the government of the colonies
were enacted in Spain and were transmitted in
the form of royal cedulas.
 ordenamientos, pragmaticas (orders
emanating from the king, differing from
cedulas only in form and in the mode of
promulgation)
A. LEGISLATION FOR
COLONIES
 reglamentos (written instructions by a
competent authority, no special from being
observed)
 resoluciones (opinions of superior authorities
on matters referred for decisions; instructions
to inferior authorities);
A. LEGISLATION FOR
COLONIES
 autos acordados (judicial sentences or
decisions)
 decretos (important resolutions of the king
printed and published, usually comprising laws
of a general character)
A. LEGISLATION TO
COLONIES
 provisiones (the dispatches issued by the
audiencias in the name of the King, with full
royal authority)
 carta abierta (open letter equivalent to a
modern circular, granting some privileges or
petitions to someone , although directed to all
without distinction
B. FIRST COLLECTION OF
LAWS RELATING TO THE
COLONIES
 The first collection of laws relating to the
government of the colonies was published at
Alcala in 1543. It contained the decrees of
Charles V.
B. FIRST COLLECTION OF
LAWS RELATING TO THE
COLONIES
 The earliest compilation of laws relating
solely to the Indies that was printed was that of
the ordenanzas for the government of the
audiencia de Mexico.
C. COMPILATION OF LAWS
INITIATED BY THE COUNCIL
 In 1550, Philip II had ordered a general
codification; abrogated laws were to be
excluded, conflicting provisions reconciled and
the gaps filled by the new provisions.
D. THE CODIGO OVANDINO
 In his honor, the compilation was called the
Codigo Ovandino. It was also otherwise known
as the Recopilacion de las Reyes de Indias.
D. CODIGO OVANDINO
 It was promulgated by Philip II in a royal
decree in 1570 and sent to the different
viceroys and audiencias to be carried into
effect.
D. CODIGO DE OVANDINO
 During the years 1549-1596, it seemed that
Diego de Encinas, a clerk in the office of the
king’s secretary, was instructed to make copies
of all provisiones, cartas, cedulas, etc.
dispatched prior to 1596.
D. CODIGO DE OVANDINO
 In 1606, Hernando de Villagomez, a member
of the Council of the Indies, began to compile
cedulas and other laws relating to the Indies,
but the work was left unfinished.
E. GENERAL COMPILATION BY
AGUILAR Y ACUNA AND
PINELO
 The work on the general compilation was
continued by Rodrigo de Aguilar y Acuna who
proposed in collaboration with the president of
the council, to finish the compilation, and
while glossing it to harmonize it with the royal
decrees and the civil of law.
E. GENERAL COMPILATION BY
AGUILAR Y ACUNA AND
PINELO
 Aguilar divided his work into eight books and
these into parts. The first part was ready and
published as Sumarios in 1682. The order and
arrangement observed was that of the Partidas
and the Recopilacion de Castilla.
F. THE RECOPILACION DE
LEYES DE LOS REYNES DE
INDIAS
 The work on a general Recopilacion continued
until it was ready in 1677, and was
promulgated by a decree of May 18, 1680.
F. THE RECOPILACION DE
LEYES DE LOS REYNES DE
INDIAS
This compilation was composed of nine books
divided into two hundred eighteen (218) titles
and consisting of 6,377 laws 0r provisions.
G. COMPILATIONS
SUBSEQUENT TO THE
RECOPILACION
 The Recopilacion de las Indias is regarded as
the basic collection of the laws and regulations
prior to the year 1680.
EVALUATION OF THE LAWS IN
THE PHILIPPINES DURING
THE SPANISH PERIOD
 John Bowringin his book A Visit to the
Philippine Islands, 1859 had this to say on the
laws of the Philippines during the Spanish Era:
EVALUATION OF THE LAWS IN
THE PHILIPPINES DURING
THE SPANISH PERIOD
 John Bowringin his book A Visit to the
Philippine Islands, 1859 had this to say on the
laws of the Philippines during the Spanish Era:
MATERIALS ON THE SPANISH
LAW
A. Primary Materials
The official repositories of Spanish laws are the
several editions published by governmental
organs and by private persons under royal
authority.
SECONDARY MATERIALS
 The rich source of secondary materials on
Spanish Laws come from the accepted Spanish
commentators, namely:
1) Civil Law
2) Criminal Law
3) Commercial Law
LEGISLATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES DURING THE
SPANISH PERIOD
 Under the Spanish rule, the Legislative powers
were shared three entities.
1) The Governor-General who could
promulgate executive decrees, edicts or
ordinances with the force of law;
LEGISLATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES DURING THE
SPANISH PERIOD
2) The Royal Audencia which passed laws in
the form of autos accordados, and
3) The crown of Spain acting through its
councils
THE PERIOD OF THE
PHILIPPINES REVOLUTION
 The closing years of the Spanish regime, the
revolutionary government of Emilio Aguinaldo
inaugurated a Congress on September 15, 1898
at the Barasoain Church in Malolos, Bulacan.
This Congress was later referred to as Malolos
Congress.
THE PERIOD OF THE
PHILIPPINES REVOLUTION
 The Malolos Congress is best remembered for
framing the Malolos Constitution.
1) To watch over the interest of the people
THE PERIOD OF THE
PHILIPPINES REVOLUTION
2. To carry out the revolutionary laws and
discuss the vote upon said laws;
3. To discuss and approve the accounts
presented annually by the Secretary of
Finance, as well as “extraordinary and other
taxes which may be hereafter be imposed
D. AMERICAN PERIOD
 The treaty of Paris of 1898 which was ratified
on April 1, 1899 formally ended Spanish
sovereignty in the islands and marked the
beginning of American rule.
E. COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
 The 1935 Constitution provided for a
unicameral National Assembly until the
Constitutional amendment of 1940 which
restored the bicameral legislature.
E. COMMONWEALTH PERIOD
 The Commonwealth period witnessed the
enactment of 733 statutes. The first 412 acts
were published in 2 volumes known as Public
Laws of the Commonwealth.
F. THE JAPANESE PERIOD
 During the Japanese period, the 1943
Constitution provided for a unicameral
legislature known as the National Assembly
headed by the Speaker to be compose of the
provincial governors and city mayors as
members ex officio and of the delegates to be
elected every three years, one from each and
every province and chartered city.
G. THE PERIOD AFTER
INDEPENDENCE
 Upon independence, there were 6635 Republic
Acts that were legislated by a bicameral
Congress from July 4, 1946 to September 21,
1972.
G. THE PERIOD AFTER
INDEPENDENCE
 The repository of these statutes is the
government publication, Laws, and
Resolutions.
1) Text of facts
2) simple joint and concurrent resolutions of
the House of Representatives
3) Alphabetical Index
H. MARTIAL LAW PERIOD
 During the martial law period, a total of 2,036
Presidential Decrees were promulgated of
February 20, 1986 which were issued first in
loose-leaf mimeographed form by the
legislation secretary of the Office of the
President.
I. AQUINO’S REVOLUTIONARY
GOVERNMENT
 In 1986, Corazon Aquino was installed as
President by the people power at EDSA.
 From February 25, 1986 until the convening
of the Congress of the Philippines on July 26,
1987; a total of 302 Executive Orders were
issued by President Corazon Aquino.
J. PERIOD UNDER THE 1987
CONSTITUTION
 The 1987 Constitution restored a bicameral
congress with a Senate and House of
Representatives which is still the legislature up
to the present.
PUBLICATIONS ON PHILIPPINE
STATUTES, IN GENERAL
 The Official Gazette contains all legislative
acts and all resolutions of the Legislature, of a
public nature, all executive orders, such
decisions or abstracts of decisions of the
Supreme Court as may be deemed by said
court of sufficient importance.
PUBLICATIONS ON PHILIPPINE
STATUTES, IN GENERAL
 The publication of any law, resolution or other
official documents in the Official Gazette is
prima facie evidence of its authenticity.
 SUMMARY OF PHILIPPINE
LEGISLATION
From the establishment of the American civil
government in 1900 to 1935, there were 4,275 laws
passed by the Philippine Commission and its bicameral
successor, the Philippine Legislature.
 SUMMARY OF PHILIPPINE
LEGISLATION
Commonwealth Period- 733 statutes

Upon Independence- 6,63 Republic Acts that were

legislated by a bicameral Congress from July 4, 1946
to September 21, 1972.
 SUMMARY OF PHILIPPINE
LEGISLATION
During Martial Law- a total of 2, 036 Presidential
Decrees were promulgated by President Marcos as of
February 20, 1986.

891 Batas (Legislative Acts)- were passed by the

Batasang Pambansa (Legislative Assembly) as of
February 1, 1986.
 SUMMARY OF PHILIPPINE
LEGISLATION
 From February 25, 1986 until the convening of the
Congress of the Philippines on July 26, 1987- a total of
302 Executive Orders- were issued by President
Corazon Aquino.
 SUMMARY OF PHILIPPINE
LEGISLATION
 From 1987- 2,525 Republic Acts- have been passed, the
latest of which is R.A. 9160 otherwise known as “Anti-
Money Laundering Act of 2001” which was signed into
law in October, 2001.
 LIST OF CODES ENACTED BY
PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURES
Codigo de Comercio Royal Decree Dec. 1, 1888
Corporation Law Act 1459 Apr.1, 1906
Administrative Code of Act No. 711 as Oct. 1, 1917
1917 amended
Revised Penal Code Act No. 3815 Dec. 8, 1930
 LIST OF CODES ENACTED BY
PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURES
National Internal Revenue Com. Act No. 466 Jun. 1, 1939
Code of the Phil. as amended
Revised Election Code R.A. 180 Jun. 21, 1947
Civil Code of the Phil. R.A. 386 Jun. 18, 1949
Tariff and Customs Code R.A. 1937 Jun. 22, 1957
 LIST OF CODES ENACTED BY
PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURES
Agricultural Land Reform R.A. 3844 as Jun. 22, 1957
Code amended
Lana Transportation arid R.A. 4136 Jun. 20, 1964
Traffic Code
Election Code 1971 R.A. 6388 Sep. 2, 1971
Code of Agrarian Reform R.A. 6389 Sep. 10, 1971
 LIST OF CODES ENACTED BY
PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURES
National Building Code of R.A 6541 Aug. 26, 1972
the Philippines
Amending Tariff and P.D. 34 Oct. 27, 1972
Customs Code
Local Tax Code P.D. 231 as Jun. 28, 1973
amended
Forestry Reform Code P.D. 389 Feb. 5, 1974
 LIST OF CODES ENACTED BY
PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURES
Labor Code of the Phil. P.D 442 as May 1, 1974
amended
Real Property Tax Code P.D. 454 as May 23, 1974
amended
Child and Youth Welfare Code P.D. 603 as Dec. 10, 1974
amended
Insurance Code of the Phil. P.D. 612 Dec. 18, 1974
 LIST OF CODES ENACTED BY
PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURES
Revised Forestry Code P.D. 705 May 19, 1975
Code of Sanitation of the P.D. 856 Dec. 13, 1975
Philippines
Land Transportation and Traffic P.D. 896 Jan. 26, 1976
Code
Coconut Industry Code P.D. 961 Jul. 14, 1976
 LIST OF CODES ENACTED BY
PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURES
Land Transportation and Traffic P.D. 1057 Nov. 30, 1976
Code
Water Code of the Phil. P.D. 1067 Dec. 31, 1976
Code of Personal Muslim Law P.D. 1083 Feb. 4, 1977
of the Philippines
National Building Code P.D 1096 as Feb. 19, 1977
amended
 LIST OF CODES ENACTED BY
PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURES
Philippine Environment Code P.D. 1152 Jun. 6, 1977
Fire Code of the Philippines P.D. 1185 Aug. 26, 1977
Tariff and Customs Code P.D. 1464 as Jun. 11, 1978
amended
Insurance Code on Mutualization of P.D. 1280 Jan. 6, 1978
Stock Life Insurance Companies
 LIST OF CODES ENACTED BY
PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURES
Election Code 1978 P.D. 1296 Feb. 7, 1978
Government Auditing Code of P.D. 1445 Jun. 11, 1978
the Philippines
Tariff and Customs Code P.D. 1464 Jun. 11, 1978
Tariff and Customs Code P.D. 1948 Jun. 11, 1978
 LIST OF CODES ENACTED BY
PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURES
Insurance Code of 1978 P.D.1460 Jun. 11, 1978
Insurance Code P.D. 1455 Jun. 11, 1978
Corporation Code of the Phil. BP Blg 68 May 1, 1980
Land Transportation and traffic PD 1814 Jan. 11, 1981
Code
 LIST OF CODES ENACTED BY
PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURES
Land Transportation and PD 1934 Jan. 11, 1981
Traffic Code
Omnibus Election Code BP Blg 881 Dec. 3, 1985
National Code of Marketing of EO 51 Oct. 20, 1986
Breast Milk Substitute
Family Code of the Philippines EO 209 as Jul. 17, 1987
amended by EO
22
 LIST OF CODES ENACTED BY
PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURES
Administrative Code of 1987 EO 292 Jul. 25, 1987
Comprehensive Agrarian Reform R.A 6657 Jun. 10, 1988
Law
Code of Conduct and Ethical RA 6713 Apr. 21, 1989
Standards for Public Officials and
Employees
 LIST OF CODES ENACTED BY
PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURES
Cooperative Code of the RA 6938 Mar. 10, 1990
Philippines
Local Government Code of RA 7160 Oct. 10, 1991
1991
Omnibus Investment Code EO 226 Feb. 17, 1995
Intellectual Property Code RA 8293 Jun. 6, 1997
 LIST OF CODES ENACTED BY
PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURES
Tax Reform Act of 1997 RA 8424 Dec. 11, 1997
Flag and Heraldic Code of the RA 8491 Feb. 12, 1998
Philippines
Philippine Fisheries Code of RA 8550 Feb. 25, 1998
1998
Revised National Plumbing Code Resolution Sep. 30, 1999
of the Philippines No. 04-99
 LIST OF CODES ENACTED BY
PHILIPPINE LEGISLATURES
The Securities Regulation Code RA 8799 Jul. 19, 2000
ADMINISTRATIVE RULES AND
REGULATIONS
Touching on the organization or mode of operation of
the government of the rearranging or readjustment of
the districts, divisions, part or part of the Philippines
and all acts and commands governing employees or
disposing of issues of general concern are made
effective by the issuance of EO.
ADMINISTRATIVE RULES AND
REGULATIONS
During American Period- published annually
entitled “Executive Orders and Proclamations”

33 volumes were published until 1935, by the

Bureau of Printing.
ADMINISTRATIVE RULES AND
REGULATIONS
All those executive orders, administrative orders and
proclamation are published n the Official Gazette and
in the Public Law as appendices.
ADMINISTRATIVE RULES AND
REGULATIONS
Government agencies may also be grouped together in
accordance with their powers functions:
1. Agencies with implied quasi-legislative powers
2. Agencies with express quasi-legislative powers
3. Publications on Administrative Rules and
Regulations
 AGENCIES WITH IMPLIED QUASI-
LEGISLATIVE POWERS
They have administrative rules and regulations which
are not been expressly directed by law to be issued,
but they are necessary in the proper discharge of the
functions of the agency.
Examples:
 Bureau of Forestry
 Bureau of Prisons
 National Bureau of Investigation
 Bureau of Tourism Services
AGENCIES WITH EXPRESS QUASI-
LEGISLATIVE POWERS
They are specifically authorized by law to
promulgate implementing rules and
regulations
Examples:
Government Service Insurance System
Social Security System
Department of Labor and Employment
PUBLICATIONS ON ADMINISTRATIVE
RULES AND REGULATIONS
Publications by the particular administrative
agencies are as follows:
Civil Service Commission
Securities and Exchange Commission
Central Bank
Department of Labor and Employment
Department of Agrarian Reform
 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
Lays down the basic policies and provisions of the law on
the CSC as the central personnel agency of the government.
Presents the systems and procedures by which the operation
of the CSC are to be based including personnel
administration.

-Book V of the Revised Administrative Code of 1987 on the

Civil Service Commission
 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
 Lays down the implementing rules adopted and
prescribed by the CSC to carry out the provisions on
Administrative Code of 1987
 Includes the revised rules on appointments and other
personnel actions and new rules on leave.

- Omnibus Rules Implementing Book V of Exec. Order

292 and Other Pertinent Civil Service Laws
 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
 Embodies the uniform rules of procedure in the
conduct/adjudication of all administrative proceedings,
either disciplinary or non-disciplinary, both at the
commission and agency levels.
 Contains the revised schedule of penalties for and the
classifications of administrative offenses.

- Uniform Rules on Administrative Cases in the Civil

Service
 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
 Lays down the prescribed rules set by the SCS in the
application/implementation of the provisions of RA
6713.

- Rules Implementing the Code of Conduct and Ethical

Standards for Public Officials and Employees (RA
6713)
 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
 Consolidated general rules and policies.
 Lays down the responsibilities of the human resources
management officer/personnel officer, certain modes of
separation from the service and prohibitions.

- Revised Omnibus Rules on Appointments and Other

Personnel Actions
 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
 A handbook containing pertinent policies and
implementing rules and regulations governing leave
administration.
 A listing of leave privileges/benefits and their
corresponding entitlement and availment; how to
compute leave credits and monetization.

- Omnibus Rules on Leave

 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
 Outlines the responsibilities of the personnel officer in
the different areas of human resource management and
development evaluation (recruitment, examination)
 Discusses the legal authority and objectives.

- Personnel Officers Manual

 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
 An annual compilation of all memorandum circulars
issued by the CSC per year.

- Memorandum Circulars 1992-2000

 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
 Listing of all memos circulars issued by the CSC
covering the period , 1998 to 1998, classified
according to subject.

- CSC Memo Circulars Index (1988-1998)

 CIVIL SERVICE COMMISSION
 A handbook of definitions to serve as aid for legal
practitioners as well as government workers involved
in handling administrative cases and other legal
matters.

- Manual on Definitions of Administrative Offences in

the Civil Service
 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE
COMMISSION
SEC Polio, 1946-1976
SEC Bulletin
SEC Weekly Bulletin
 CENTRAL BANK
Financial Journal
Central Bank Annual Reports and Compilations
 DEPARTMENT OF LABOR AND
EMPLOYMENT

Rules and Regulations implementing the Labor Code

 DEPARTMENT OF AGRARIAN
REFORM

Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program and

Presidential Issuances
ORDINANCES ENACTED BY THE
AUTONOMOUS REGION
The legislative assemblies of these autonomous region
enact ordinances to govern the region and may create
administrative agencies operate in the regions.
 ORDINANCES ENACTED BY
LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS
Each of these units (provinces, cities,
municipalities, and barangays) have lawmaking
powers to pass what is commonly called
“ordinances” which are usually of local
interests only
 ORDINANCES ENACTED BY
LOCAL GOVERNMENT UNITS
It is legally ineffective if inconsistent with
statutes enacted by Congress.

Local Government Code of 1991- Sec. 16.

General Welfare

Local Government Code of 1991- Sec. 511.

Posting and Publication of Ordinances with
Penal Sanctions
LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF
1991- SEC. 16. GENERAL
WELFARE
Every local government unit shall exercise the powers
expressly granted, those necessarily implied therefrom,
as well as powers necessary, appropriate, or incidental
for its efficient and effective governance, and those
which are essential to the promotion of the general
welfare. Within their respective territorial
jurisdictions, local government units shall ensure and
support,
LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF
1991- SEC. 16. GENERAL
WELFARE
among other things, the preservation and enrichment
of culture, promote health and safety, enhance the right
of the people to a balanced ecology, encourage and
support the development of appropriate and self-
reliant scientific and technological capabilities,
improve public morals, enhance economic prosperity
and social justice, promote full employment among
their residents,
LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF
1991- SEC. 16. GENERAL
WELFARE
maintain peace and order, and preserve the comfort
and convenience of their inhabitants.
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF
1991- SEC. 511. POSTING AND
PUBLICATION OF ORDINANCES
WITH PENAL SANCTIONS
SECTION 511. Posting and Publication of Ordinances
with Penal Sanctions. - (a) ordinances with penal
sanctions shall be posted at prominent places in the
provincial capitol, city, municipal or Barangay hall, as
the case may be, for a minimum period of three (3)
consecutive weeks.
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF
1991- SEC. 511. POSTING AND
PUBLICATION OF ORDINANCES
WITH PENAL SANCTIONS
Such ordinances shall also be published in a
newspaper of general circulation, where available,
within the territorial jurisdiction of the local
government unit concerned, except in the case of
Barangay ordinances. Unless otherwise provided
therein, said ordinances shall take effect on the day
following its publication, or at the end of the period of
posting, whichever occurs later.
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF
1991- SEC. 511. POSTING AND
PUBLICATION OF ORDINANCES
WITH PENAL SANCTIONS
(b) Any public officer or employee who violates an
ordinance may be meted administrative disciplinary
action, without prejudice to the filing of the
appropriate civil or criminal action.
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF
1991- SEC. 511. POSTING AND
PUBLICATION OF ORDINANCES
WITH PENAL SANCTIONS
(c) The secretary to the Sanggunian concerned shall
transmit official copies of such ordinances to the chief
executive officer of the Official Gazette within seven
(7) days following the approval of the said ordinance
for publication purposes. The Official Gazette may
publish ordinances with penal sanctions for archival
and reference purposes.
THANK YOU!