2 WEG - Conceptual Foundation (Autosaved)
2 WEG - Conceptual Foundation (Autosaved)
Chapter One:
The Conceptual Foundation
Aims:
To understand the assumptions used by economists in
understanding the economy.
To recognize the limitations of economic approaches to the
economy
To appreciate key concepts in economic geography
2
Concept of geography
5
Coffee regions
http://www.nationalgeographic.c
om/coffee/map.html
6
World population map 2017
Key words
1. SPACE
2. LOCATION
3. DISTANCE
4. PLACE
5. SCALE
6. SIZE
7. SHAPE
8
1. Space
9
2. Location
1. Absolute Location
2. Relative Location
10
2. Location
1. Absolute Location
being unique to each described place
measuring the distance separating places
finding directions between places on the earth’s surface.
One of systems (also called mathematic location): a positioning system of precise
and accepted identification of a place accurately described by reference to its
degrees, minutes, and seconds of latitude and longitude.
• Ex: Vietnam is located at
– latitude: 8010’ to 23024’ N
– longitude:1020 09’ to 109030’ E
11
Vietnam is located at: latitude: 8010’ to 23024’ N and longitude: 1020 09’ to 109030’ E 12
2. Location – Absolute location
13
2. Location – Relative location
In another sense, it tells us that people, things, and places exist in the
world of physical and cultural characteristics that differ from place
to place
– Ex: Vietnam is located in the southeastern extremity of the Indochinese
Peninsula, nearby the maritime cross-road of the world
14
2. Location – Relative location
15
3. Distance
1. Absolute distance
refers to the spatial separation between two points on the earth’s
surface
measured by standard unit: miles or kilometers, feet or meters (for
more closely spaced points).
3.2. Relative distance
Transforms measurements into other units, more meaningful for
the space relationship in the question.
– Miles, kilometers, meters hours, minutes, monetary
system, or psychological transformation (unfamiliar,
dangerous/familiar, friendly, etc.)
16
4. Place
specificity
uniqueness of places
specific context
different scale
internal characteristics of a
place Ex: specific places within
Niger
Spatial interaction among places
in the comprehensive ways.
Their processes and patterns are
described by words ‘connectivity’
and ‘accessibility’
17
4. Place – Spatial interaction amongst places
http://www.wisdom.caf.dlr.de/en/content/po
pulation-density-mekong-delta-2004.html
http://mekongriver.info/
19
4. Place – Interaction among places: Connectivity
Refers to distance
A broader concept of accessibility
1 2
implying all tangible and intangible
ways in which places are connected
– Tangible: telephone lines, street and road
systems, pipelines and sewers, etc.
– Intangible: radio and TV broadcasts,
telecommunications, etc. 3 4
20
4. Place – Connectivity
22
5. Scale
Refers to:
Size and shape
Levels of global, nation,
sub-nation, and local
23
5. Scale
Refers to:
Size and shape
Levels of global, nation,
sub-nation, and local
24
Why should we “Think Global, Act Local”?
Now, nearly 100 years after Patrick Geddes published Cities in Evolution,
the book many assert gave rise to the concept of “Think Globally, Act
Locally,” that phrase now may have actual, practical meaning.
Among the most interesting parts of the National Climate Assessment is its
emphasis on what local and state governments can do to adapt to climate
change and minimize its potential ravages.
Source: http://www.nationaljournal.com/all-powers/think-globally-act-locally-20140506
25
Interaction amongst space, place, and scale
26
6. Size
27
6. Size – Ex: 2,500,000 sq.km
28
6. Size – Ex: 350,000 to 2,500,000 sq.km
29
6. Size – Ex: 150,000 to 350,000 sq.km
30
6. Size – Ex: 25,000 to 150,000 sq.km
31
6. Size – Ex: less than 25,000 sq.km
NAURU 32
7. Shape
1. Compact 6. Land-locked
2. Elongated 7. Enclave
3. Proprute-Protruded 8. Exclave
4. Fragmented Each shape of state has
5. Perforated advantages, as well as
disadvantages
33
7. Shape – Compact
A compact shaped state is small
and centralized, simplest to
manage.
It keeps the country together by
making communications easier
within it.
However, it is primarily small in
size, and therefore may not have as
many natural resources as larger
states have.
A perfect example of a compact
state would be Poland.
33
7. Shape – Elongated
An elongated shaped
state is long and narrow.
This type of state has
many disadvantages.
Such as Chile, makes for
difficult governance of
the peripheral areas in
the north and south.
However, an elongated
state encompasses a
variety of landscapes.
34
German West and East
36
7. Shape – Fragment
38
7. Shape – Perforated (hình bán nhân)
39
7. Shape – Enclave ( hình nhân bánh)
A country or part of a country that is
surrounded by another.
However, an enclave does not have
political affinity to the surrounding
state, and does not belong to
another country.
For example, the Vatican City is an
enclave of Rome. The Vatican City has
its own government and is
independent from Rome and Italy.
Therefore, it is not bound by the
rules of Rome, as well as Italy.
40
7. Shape – Exclave
40
7. Shape – Land-locked
43
44
Land-locked country in Southeast Asia?
45
Compact
45
Perforate Land-locked Exclave
Location, size, and shape of nation support for national economy?
47
Theory
48
Least-cost theory
Alfred Weber (1868 – 1958)
Break-even Point
Maximum profit
o
Distance Distance
C
52
Agglomeration economies
56
Back to the aim of this chapter
57
58