QUARTER

3
MATHEMATICS 9
T R I ANGL E
CONS T R UC T I ON
ME A S U R E ME N T
ARCH I T E C T UR E
QUA D R I L A T E R A L
GEOMET
RY
MATHEMATICS 9
QUARTER 3
 QUADRILATER
ALS
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QUADRILATER
four
ALSside
 Quadrilateral means “four sides”
 it is four-sided, two-dimensional
(a flat shape), closed (the lines join
up), and has straight sides
 MAKE A
MODEL
STEP 1
Draw a pair of parallel lines.
Then, draw two parallel
transversals cutting the two
lines. Label the points of STEP 2
intersection of the lines as On a separate sheet of
points and . paper, trace FGHJ. Label
the figure as PQRS so ∠𝐹
and ∠𝑃 are congruent. STEP 3
Rotate ▱𝑃𝑄𝑅𝑆 on
▱𝐹𝐺𝐻𝐽 to compare sides
and angles.
Quadrilaterals are
classified according to
the number of pairs of its
parallel sides.
 PARALLELOGR
AM
TRAPEZIUM SQUARE

QUADRILATERA RECTANGLE
LS
RHOMBUS TRAPEZOID
 QUADRILATER
ALS
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TRAPEZIUM
A quadrilateral that does not have any
pair of parallel sides, and is sometimes
called as general quadrilateral.
 T
R
A
P
E
Z  has only one pair of parallel lines
O  the parallel sides are called bases
 the nonparallel sides are called legs
ID  the angles formed by a base and the legs are called
base angles
 PARALLELOGRA
A quadrilateral is a parallelogram (M
▱)
if and only if both pairs of opposite
sides are parallel.
 QUADRILATER
ALS
TRAPEZIUM PARALLELOGRA TRAPEZOID
M

RHOMBUS RECTANGLE

SQUARE
PARALLELOGRA
M
 Theorems
 The opposite sides of the
parallelogram are congruent.
 Opposite angles of a parallelogram are
congruent.
 Consecutive angles of a parallelogram
are supplementary.
 The diagonals of a parallelogram
bisect each other.

PROPERTIES OF
PARALLELOGRAMS
 Corollary
1. A diagonal of a parallelogram
forms two congruent triangles.
2. If two lines are parallel, then all
points on one line are equidistant
from the other line.

PROPERTIES OF
PARALLELOGRAMS
TEST YOUR
KNOWLEDGE!
Identify whether each figure is a parallelogram. Briefly
justify your answer.
1. 2.
 HOMEWORK
Write at least two conditions that
make a quadrilateral a parallelogram.
 QUADRILATER
ALS
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INTERACTIVE
QUADRILATERA
LS
What figure is it?
NEWS is a parallelogram.
TEST YOUR
KNOWLEDGE!
In parallelogram TALK, if , , and , find the length of
each side of the parallelogram.
 QUADRILATER
ALS
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PARALLELOGRAM .

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 REMEMBER ME?
https://www.memozor.com/memory-games/for-adults/th
e-most-beautiful-monuments
 Figure 1

Figure 2
TEST YOUR
KNOWLEDGE!
Use the properties of parallelograms to answer the
following. Indicate the theorem used after each of your
answer.
S
E In parallelogram TALK, if , , and , find the length
(in cm) of each side of the parallelogram and its
A perimeter.
T
W
O
R
K
S
E
A In parallelogram TALK, if and find the values of x
T and y, and the measure of each angle of the
W parallelogram.
O
R
K
TALK
 QUADRILATER
ALS
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 ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>
OOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOO
ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOM>ZOO
OOM>>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOOM>ZOOM>
ZOOM IN!
OOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZO
>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>zoOM>
ZOOM OUT!
>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>O
>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOM>ZO
>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>Z
M>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>
PLAY EXIT

OOM>ZOOM>ZOOM>
!
 QUADRILATER
ALS
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like to play? I am
PARALLELOGRAM .

KITE here!
I would love that. Count me in.
My name is
TRAPEZOID.
PARALLELOGR
AMS Hey, kids! Introduce
yourselves.

What’s up? I am
RECTANGLE. SQUARE here. I am RHOMBUS is
the youngest! my name.
 A rectangle is a quadrilateral
with four right angles. Since
both pairs of opposite angles
are congruent, it follows that
it is a special type of
parallelogram. Thus, a
rectangle has all the properties
of a parallelogram.

RECTANGLE
▱WINS is a rectangle with diagonals
Prove:
▱WINS is a rectangle with diagonals
Prove:
STATEMENTS REASONS
Given
diagonals and
Opposite sides of a parallelogram are congruent.

and are right angles Right angles by definition of rectangle

All right angles are congruent

Reflexive Property

SAS Congruence Postulate

CPCTC
Theorem 6.9

If a parallelogram is a rectangle, then the

diagonals are congruent.
Given: ▱WINS with is a right angle
Prove: ▱WINS is a rectangle
 PROOF
STATEMENTS REASONS
with , a right angle Given
Definition of right angle
In a parallelogram, opposite angles are
congruent.
Definition of congruent angles
Substitution (Statement 2 & 4)
Consecutive angles are supplementary

Continuation on the next slide

 PROOF
STATEMENTS REASONS
Substitution (Statement 2 & 6)
Reflexive Property
Subtraction Property
(Statement 7 & 8)
Substitution (Statement 4 & 9)
, , and If the measure of an angle is 90, then it is
are right angles a right angle
WINS is a rectangle Definition of rectangle
Theorem 6.10

If a parallelogram has a right angle, then it

has four right angles and the parallelogram
is a rectangle.
TEST YOUR
KNOWLEDGE!
Prove that the diagonals of rectangle FLAG are
congruent. Do this by supplying the reasons for each of
the given statement.
Source https://slideplayer.com/slide/7594214/
S
Given: and
E
A
T
W
O
R
K
S
E Solve for the following:
1. If , find , and
A 2. If and ,what is and ?
3. If , find and
T 4. If , find
W 5. If and , find their lengths
6. If and , find their lengths
O 7. Using the equalities in item 6, find the widths of if the width
is twice
R 8. Based on items 5 & 7, find the area (in meters) of
K
PARALLELOGR
AMS Hey, kids! Introduce
yourselves.

What’s up? I am
RECTANGLE. SQUARE here. I am RHOMBUS is
the youngest! my name.
 A B

D C
 A rhombus is a quadrilateral
whose four sides all have the
same length. Since opposite sides
are congruent, the rhombus is a
parallelogram, and all of the
properties of parallelograms can
be applied to rhombi.

RHOMBUS
Given:
Prove: and
 PROOF
Statements Reasons
1. ▱ 𝑉𝑊𝑋𝑌 1. Given
2. 2. Definition of
rhombus
3. 𝑊𝑌 ≅ 𝑌𝑊 3. Reflexive Property
4. 4. SSS Congruence
Postulate
5. 5. CPCTC
Theorem 6.11

Each diagonal of a rhombus bisects a pair of

opposite angles.
Given:
Prove:
 PROOF
STATEMENTS REASONS
1. ▱ 𝑅𝑂𝑆𝐸 1. Given
2. Definition of rhombus
3. and bisect each 3. The diagonals of the parallelogram
other bisect each other
4. H is the midpoint of 4.
5. 5. Definition
bisects atof Midpoint

Continuation on the next slide

 PROOF
STATEMENTS REASONS
6. 6. Reflexive Property
7. 7. SSS Congruence Postulate
8. 8.
9. and are right angles 9. CPCTC
and form a linear pair and are
congruent
10. 10. Definition of Perpendicular
Lines
Theorem 6.12

The diagonals of a rhombus are perpendicular.

PARALLELOGR
AMS Hey, kids! Introduce
yourselves.

What’s up? I am
RECTANGLE. SQUARE here. I am RHOMBUS is
the youngest! my name.
 If a quadrilateral is both a
rhombus and a rectangle, then it
is a square. In addition, all of
the properties of
parallelograms, rhombi, and
rectangles can be applied to
squares.

SQUARE
 SUMMARY OF

THEOREMS
Theorem 6.1 The opposite sides of the
parallelogram are congruent.
 Theorem 6.2 Opposite angles of a parallelogram are
congruent.
 Theorem 6.3 Consecutive angles of a parallelogram
are supplementary.
 Theorem 6.4 The diagonals of a parallelogram
bisect each other.
 Theorem 6.5 If both pairs of opposite sides of a
quadrilateral are congruent, then the quadrilateral is
a parallelogram.
 SUMMARY OF

THEOREMS
Theorem 6.6 If one pair of opposite sides of a
quadrilateral is both congruent and parallel, then the
quadrilateral is a parallelogram.
 Theorem 6.7 If both pairs of opposite angles of a
quadrilateral are congruent, then the quadrilateral is
a parallelogram.
 Theorem 6.8 If the diagonals of a quadrilateral
bisect each other, then the quadrilateral is a
parallelogram.
 SUMMARY OF

THEOREMS
Theorem 6.9 If a parallelogram is a rectangle, then
the diagonals are congruent.
 Theorem 6.10 If a parallelogram has a right
angle, then it has four right angles and the
parallelogram is a rectangle.
 Theorem 6.11 Each diagonal of a rhombus
bisects a pair of opposite angles.
 Theorem 6.12 The diagonals of a rhombus are
perpendicular.
T HANK YOU!