Basics of Geometry

Basics of Geometry
Learning Targets
Basics of Geometry
I can identify the undefined terms in

Geometry
I can explain the undefined terms in
Geometry
I can describe and illustrate a point, line and
plane in space
Basics of Geometry
Create a short definition of yourself.

Example: Kristine – a strong and resilient
woman who is very affectionate and
sincere
Basics of Geometry
Basics of Geometry
POINTS!
LINES!
PLANES!
Basics of Geometry
Undefined Terms?
The terms points, lines, and planes are the foundations of
geometry, but…
point, line, and plane are all what we call undefined terms.
How can that be?
Well, any definition we could give them would depend on the

definition of some other mathematical idea that these three
terms help define. In other words, the definition would be
circular!
Basics of Geometry
Point
• Has no dimension
• Usually represented by a small dot

A
The above is called point A. Note the point

is represented with a capital letter.
Basics of Geometry
Line
• Extend in one dimension.
• Represented with straight line with two arrowheads to
indicate that the line extends without end in two directions.
l This is Line l, (using the lower case

script letter) or symbolically we call it AB
A
B NOTICE: The arrowheads are in
both directions on the symbol AB
Basics of Geometry
Plane
• Extend in two dimensions.
• Represented by a slanted 4 sided figure, but you must
envision it extends without end, even though the
representation has edges.
A M This is Plane M or plane ABC (be

C sure to only use three of the
B points when naming a plane)
Basics of Geometry
Undefined Concepts
• Collinear points are points that lie on the
same line.
l
A
B Points A, B and C are collinear.
C
Basics of Geometry
Undefined Concepts
• Coplanar points are points that lie on the

same plane.
A
C Points A, B and C are coplanar.
B
Basics of Geometry
Line Segment
Let’s look at the idea of a point in between two other points on a line.
Here is line AB, or recall A B
symbolically AB
The line segment does not
extend without end. It has
endpoints, in this case A and
B. The segment contains all
the points on the line
between A and B
This is segment AB
Notice the difference in

the symbolic notation!
Basics of Geometry
Ray
Let’s look at a ray:
A is called the initial
point The initial point is
always the first
A B letter in naming a
ray. Notice the
difference in
Ray AB extends in symbols from both
one direction a line and segment.
without end.
Symbolized by AB
Basics of Geometry
Symbol alert!
Not all symbols are created equal!
AB is the same as BA A B
AB is the same as BA A B
BUT…
Basics of Geometry
Symbol alert!!
The ray is different! Initial point 1st
AB is not the same as BA

A B AB
A B BA
Notice that the initial point is listed first in the symbol. Also
note that the symbolic ray always has the arrowhead on the right
regardless of the direction of the ray.
Basics of Geometry
Opposite Rays
If C is between A and B,
A C B
then CA and CB are opposite rays.
C is the common initial point for the rays!

Basics of Geometry
Angles
Rays are important because they help us define something very
important in geometry…Angles!
An angle consists of two different rays that have the same initial
point. The rays are sides of the angles. The initial point is called the
vertex. Notation: We denote an angle with
three points and  symbol. The
vertex B middle point is always the vertex.
We can also name the angle with
sides just the vertex point. This angle can
A be denoted as:
C BAC , CAB, or A
Basics of Geometry
Intersections of lines and planes
• Two or more geometric figures intersect if they have

one or more points in common.
• The intersection of the figures is the set of points the
figure has in common
How do 2 line intersect?

Think!
! How do 2 planes intersect?
What about a line and a plane?
Basics of Geometry
Modeling Intersections
To think about the questions on the last slide lets look at the following…
Point E is
Two lines E the
intersect at a intersection
point, like here of plane H
A F and line EC
at point A. B
D
H C
G
Line BF is the intersection of the
planes G and H.
Basics of Geometry
What I Know What I Want What I

To Know Learned
Basics of Geometry
Formative Assessment
Draw 3 noncollinear points J, K, L, then draw:
JK , KL, and LJ .
When ready click to see
answers!
K
J
L
Basics of Geometry
Formative Assessment
1. Name 3 points that are collinear.
Points D, F and B lie on the same line, therefore they are collinear.
2. Name 4 points that are coplanar.

If you answered D, F, B, and G are coplanar, then you are correct. It is
harder to see because the plane is not drawn, but points D, F, B and M
are also coplanar.
M
3. Name 3 points that are not collinear.
G
B
There are many correct answers, D, F, M are F
D
not coplanar.
Basics of Geometry
Basics of Geometry

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Basics of Geometry

I can identify the undefined terms in

Create a short definition of yourself.

How can that be?

Well, any definition we could give them would depend on the

• Usually represented by a small dot

The above is called point A. Note the point

l This is Line l, (using the lower case

A M This is Plane M or plane ABC (be

• Coplanar points are points that lie on the

Notice the difference in

AB is not the same as BA

then CA and CB are opposite rays.

C is the common initial point for the rays!

Intersections of lines and planes

• Two or more geometric figures intersect if they have

How do 2 line intersect?

What I Know What I Want What I

2. Name 4 points that are coplanar.

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