Computer Systems: By. Shafiq A. Chachar
Computer Systems: By. Shafiq A. Chachar
Keep track of bank transactions and credit card purchases Are cornerstone of airlines massive reservations systems Control direct production in factories Provide business executives with up to date information Create illusion of a real situation Are embedded in watches, television sets, phones, fax machines, kitchen appliances etc.
Chp03_Introduction to Computers
Chp03_Introduction to Computers
Chp03_Introduction to Computers
Chp03_Introduction to Computers
Information is
Presented facts Active (it enables doing) Business based Transformed from data
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Programs
Program - A set of instructions that causes the computer system to perform specific actions. Programming Language - A set of rules used to write computer programs. The ability to program makes computer general purpose device.
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Computer Storage
There are two types of storage Primary (Internal)
Also known as memory This section of the computer system temporarily holds
data and program instructions awaiting processing, intermediate results, and processed output
Secondary (external)
Storage on media such as disk and tape that
supplements memory
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Hardware
Physical equipment in a computing environment, such as the computer and its peripheral devices. For e.g. monitor, printer, speakers, mouse, hard - disk drive, diskettes, diskette drive, CD-ROM drive, CD-ROM disks
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Software
Software are computer programs, including application programs, operating systems, compilers, interpreters, and assemblers and utilities. Two types of software Applications software Systems software
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Application Software
A combination of programs which enables a business application (e.g. a purchase ledger) to be processed by a computer. Application software written for one particular purpose is termed bespoke software.
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Application Software
computing bank account interest preparing bills creating letters and book manuscripts preparing and analyzing budgets managing files and databases playing games scheduling airline flights diagnosing patients illnesses
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Application Software
Productivity software is the class of applications software designed to make workers more productive at their jobs. For e.g., word processors, spreadsheets, presentation graphics, database management, desktop publishing, web browser
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System Software
Background programs, such as the operating system, that enable application programs to run on a computer systems hardware.
For e.g. operating system, compilers, interpreters and assemblers.
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Software Package
Software package consist of one or more program disks, a printed users guide, and a printed users license inside a shrink wrapped box or plastic case.
Each revision is referred to as a version or release.
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Be aware, a word processed file and a word processed document generally refer to the same thing.
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produces.
Programmer - A person who writes
computer programs.
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Computer Networks
Networks allow workers in an organization to communicate with each other, share expensive devices like printers, and send and receive materials to and from the outside world. To access a computer network, you need two kinds of resources hardware (network adapter) e.g. modem communication software
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Computer Networks
Online - A state that allows a device to
send data to or receive data from other devices. Offline - A state that does not allow a device to send data to or receive data from other devices.
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Microcomputers
A computer system driven by a microprocessor chip. Also known as microcomputer, or micro. A microcomputer system designed to be used by one person at a time. Also known as a personal computer system (PC).
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Desktop model Tower model Laptop (8 - 15 pounds) Notebook (6 - 8 pounds) Subnotebook (2 - 6 pounds) Palmtop / Handheld / Personal Digital Assistants (PDAs)
By. Shafiq A. Chachar
Portable Units
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Desktop Units
Desktop model
Tower model
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Platform
Platform is a foundation technology be which a computer system operates. Two major platforms are PC compatibles (IBM design, Intel
microprocessor & Microsoft Windows applications) Macintosh compatibles (Apple design, Motorola, Umax, Power Computing microprocessor & Macintosh applications)
By. Shafiq A. Chachar
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Network Computers
Network computers (NCs) are diskless microcomputers with features that optimize them for use on the Internet and intracompany networks. Network computers offer
lower purchase and support costs better control over employee computing activities central control prevent users from storing material on their own system which prevents corruption of the system.
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Midrange Computers
Also called minicomputers or minis An intermediate sized and medium priced computer More expensive than microcomputers. Can interact with hundreds of users. Useful a small company or department of a company
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Mainframes
A large computer that performs extensive business transaction processing. Operates 24 hours a day Serves thousands of users Used for tracking customer purchases and payments, sending out bills and reminder notices & paying employees e.g. IBS ES/9000
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Supercomputers
The fastest and most expensive type of computer. Sending astronauts into space, testing safety & aerodynamics features on cars and aircraft and weather forecasting. Massively Parallel Processors (MPPs)
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Supercomputers
At the high end of supercomputing are computers like IBM's "Blue Pacific," announced on October 29, 1998. Built in partnership with Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in California., Blue Pacific is reported to operated at 3.9 teraflop (trillion operations per second), 15,000 times faster than the average personal computer. It consists of 5,800 processors containing a total of 2.6 trillion bytes of memory and interconnected with five miles of cable. Chp03_Introduction
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