Turban Dss9e Ch03
Turban Dss9e Ch03
Turban Dss9e Ch03
Learning Objectives
Understand possible decision support system (DSS) configurations Understand the key differences and similarities between DSS and BI systems Describe DSS characteristics and capabilities Understand the essential definition of DSS Understand important DSS classifications Understand DSS components and how they integrate
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Learning Objectives
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Describe the components and structure of each DSS component Explain Internet impacts on DSS (and vice versa) Explain the unique role of the user in DSS versus management information systems Describe DSS hardware and software platforms Become familiar with a DSS development language Understand current DSS issues
Opening Vignette:
Decision Support System Cures for Health Care Company background Problem Proposed solution Results Answer and discuss the case questions
3-4 Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Opening Vignette:
Decision Support System Cures for Health Care
- Projected Vacancy Rate versus Desired Vacancy Rate
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Opening Vignette:
- Projected Vacancy Rate vs. Desired Vacancy Rate "What-if" scenario with 6 additional RN recruiters
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Opening Vignette:
- Demanded Hours versus Total Actual Hours versus Total Actual Hours with New Hires
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DSS Configurations
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DSS Configurations
Each component
has several variations; are typically deployed online Managed by a commercial of custom software Model-oriented DSS Data-oriented DSS
Copyright 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall
Typical types:
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DSS Description
A system intended to support managerial decision makers in semistructured and unstructured decision situations meant to be adjuncts to decision makers (extending their capabilities but not replacing their judgment) aimed at decisions that required judgment or at decisions that could not be completely supported by algorithms would be computer based; operate interactively; and would have graphical output capabilities
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DSS Description
A DSS is typically built to support the solution of a certain problem (or to evaluate a specific opportunity). This is a key difference between DSS and BI applications
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BI systems monitor situations and identify problems and/or opportunities, using variety of analytic methods The user generally must identify whether a particular situation warrants attention Reporting/data warehouse plays a major role in BI DSS often has its own database and models
DSS Description
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uses an interactive, flexible, adaptable computerbased information system (CBIS) developed (by end user) for supporting the solution to a specific nonstructured management problem uses data, model and knowledge along with a friendly (often graphical; Web-based) user interface incorporate the decision maker's own insights supports all phases of decision making can be used by a single user or by many people
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DSS are generally built to solve a specific problem and include their own database(s) BI applications focus on reporting and identifying problems by scanning data stored in data warehouses Both systems generally include analytical tools (BI called business analytics systems) Although some may run locally as a spreadsheet, both DSS and BI uses Web
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Business analytics implies the use of models and data to improve an organization's performance and/or competitive posture Web analytics implies using business analytics on real-time Web information to assist in decision making; often related to e-Commerce Predictive analytics describes the business analytics method of forecasting problems and opportunities rather than simply reporting them as they occur
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DSS Classifications
Institutional and ad-hoc DSS Personal, group, and organizational support Individual support system versus group support system (GSS) Custom-made systems versus ready-made systems
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DSS Classifications
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The text-oriented DSS The database-oriented DSS. The spreadsheet-oriented DSS The solver-oriented DSS The rule-oriented DSS (include most knowledge-driven DSS, data mining, management, and ES applications) The compound DSS
DSS Classifications
Data analysis systems Ad hoc analysis of data files Data or models Models Analysis information systems Accounting models Ad hoc analysis involving multiple databases and small models Standard calculations that estimate future results on the basis of accounting definitions Calculating an optimal solution to a combinatorial problem
Optimization models
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DSS Classifications
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The text-oriented DSS The database-oriented DSS The spreadsheet-oriented DSS The solver-oriented DSS The rule-oriented DSS (include most knowledge-driven DSS, data mining, management, and ES applications) The compound DSS
Components of DSS
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Components of DSS
Includes the database that contains the data Database management system (DBMS) Can be connected to a data warehouse
Model base management system (MBMS)
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Easy access to data/models/knowledge Proper management of organizational experiences and knowledge Easy to use, adaptive and flexible GUI Timely, correct, concise, consistent support for decision making Support for all who needs it, where and when he/she needs it
- See Table 3.2 for a complete list...
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Data management via Web servers Easy access to variety of models, tools Consistent user interface (browsers) Deployment to PDAs, cell phones, etc.
Intelligent e-Business/e-Commerce Better management of Web resources and security, (see Table 3.3 for more)
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Data quality
Data integration
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3.
4.
5.
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Data quality is a business problem, not only a systems problem Focus on information about customers and suppliers, not just data Focus on all components of data: definition, content, and presentation Implement data/information quality management processes, not just software to handle them Measure data accuracy as well as validity
8.
9. 10.
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Measure real costs (not just the percentage) of poor quality data/information Emphasize process improvement/preventive maintenance, not just data cleansing Improve processes (and hence data quality) at the source Educate managers about the impacts of poor data quality and how to improve it Actively transform the culture to one that values data quality
Model base MBMS Modeling language Model directory Model execution, integration, and command processor
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Interface
Dashboard
Color coding
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Expert systems, Knowledge management systems, Neural networks, Intelligent agents, Fuzzy logic, Case-based reasoning systems, and so on
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Hardware enhancements
Software/hardware advancements
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DSS User
Manager, decision maker, problem solver, Different organizational positions they occupy; cognitive preferences/abilities; the ways of arriving at a decision (i.e., decision styles)
User = Individual versus Group Managers versus Staff Specialists [staff assistants, expert tool users, business (system) analysts, facilitators (in a GSS)]
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DSS Hardware
Typically, MSS run on standard hardware Can be composed of mainframe computers with legacy DBMS, workstations, personal computers, or client/server systems Nowadays, usually implemented as a distributed/integrated, loosely-coupled Web-based systems Can be acquired from
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Generating Assumptions
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Questions / Comments
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