Popliteal Fossa and Leg
Popliteal Fossa and Leg
Popliteal Fossa
Bony
landmarks:
Superior: Semimembranosus and semitendinosus. Inferior: Medial and lateral heads of the gastrocnemius.
Popliteal Fossa
Contents:
Popliteal Fossa
Contents:
Popliteal artery:
Continuation of femoral artery. Begins at adductor hiatus. Ends at lower border of popliteus muscle. Divides into anterior and posterior tibial arteries.
Popliteal Fossa
Contents:
Popliteal vein:
Formed from venae comitantes of anterior and posterior tibial arteries. Receives lesser saphenous vein. Becomes femoral vein at adductor hiatus.
Popliteal Fossa
Contents:
Tibial nerve:
Part of sciatic nerve. Supplies posterior thigh and leg.
Popliteal Fossa
Sural
nerve:
Communicating branch from tibial nerve. Communicating branch from common peroneal (fibular) nerve.
Arises via:
Popliteal Fossa
Genicular
Popliteal Fossa
Genicular
anastomosis:
LEG
Most common long bone to be fractured. Relatively poor blood supply. Anteromedial surface is bare.
Available for bone grafts.
Crural Fascia
Continuous
Crural Fascia
Fascia
nerves:
Gastrocnemius:
Crosses both knee and ankle joint. Two heads form inferior boundaries of the popliteal fossa. Lateral head may have a sesamoid bone: Fabella.
Plan: plantaris MG: med. Gastroc. LG: lat. Gastroc. Sol: soleus TC: tendo calcaneus
Plantaris:
May be absent. Tendon may be used for hand surgery.
Soleus:
Broad multipennate muscle. Unijoint muscle.
Triceps surae:
= soleus + two heads of gastrocnemius.
Common insertion:
Calcaneus via Achilles tendon (tendo calcaneus)
supply:
Supplies all muscles in posterior compartment. Divides into medial and lateral plantar nerves inferior and posterior to medial malleolus. Gives off medial sural cutaneous nerve. Joins with communicating branch of common peroneal (fibular) nerve to form: Sural nerve: Cutaneous.
Tibial nerve:
supply:
Largest branch of popliteal artery. Divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries deep to origin of abductor hallucis muscle.
Peroneal artery:
Most important branch of posterior tibial artery. Supplies lateral compartment and popliteus muscles. Supplies other muscles in posterior compartment.
Popliteus:
Lies in floor of popliteal fossa. Flexes and rotates knee.
Tibialis posterior:
Functions in plantarflexion and foot inversion. Helps to maintain medial longitudinal arch.
Pop: popliteus TP: tibialis post. PL: peroneus longus FD: flex. dig. long. PB: peroneus brevis FHL: flex. hall. long.
supply: supply:
Anterior Compartment
Muscles:
Tibialis anterior:
Lateral to crest of tibia. Foot dorsiflexion and inversion. L4-L5. Paralysis results in foot drop.
Anterior Compartment
Muscles:
Anterior Compartment
Muscles:
TA: tibialis anterior EDL: extensor digitorum longus EHL: extensor hallucis longus PT: peroneus tertius
IM: interosseous membrane ED: extensor digitorum longus EHL: extensor hallucis longus PT: peroneus tertius
Anterior Compartment
Function:
Anterior Compartment
Innervation:
Anterior Compartment
Blood
supply:
Smaller of terminal branches of popliteal
Lateral Compartment
Muscles:
Lateral Compartment
Muscles:
Lateral Compartment
Nerve
supply:
Deep to peroneus longus. Inserts on lateral tuberosity.
Blood supply:
No major arteries in lateral compartment. Muscular branches arise from the peroneal artery:
Branch of posterior tibial.
Lateral Compartment
Spinal
cord levels:
L5, S1-2