Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Accident - Causes & Factors
Accident - Causes & Factors
0, Mar 2007
Accident statistics
What is Safety?
Safety Freedom from un expectable risk of harm It is set of rules which is required to save the human life, equipments and environment; Accident The undesirable event giving rise to death, ill health, injury, property damage or other losses Incident Event that gave rise to an accident or had the potential to lead to accident
Types of Accidents
Near Miss Accident: An event that gives rises to an accident or has the potential to lead to an accident or an accident where no ill health, injury, damage or other loss occurs. Dangerous Occurrence: As prescribed under Section 88-A of the Factories Act and relevant Factories Rules:
Ex: Bursting of Pressure Vessel, Release of Toxic or harmful gases, collapse of building, overturning of a crane etc. (without causing injuries)
Types of Accidents
Non Reportable Injury: Non-Reportable injury is an injury by reason of which the person injured is prevented from working for a period of less than 48 hours immediately following the accident.
Reportable Injury: An injury causing disablement extending 48 hours beyond the day or shift on which the accident occurred.
1 30
Safety module: Accident, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007
300
Types of accidents
Depending on injury
1. 2. 3. 4. Fatal Serious / major / lost time Minor No injury accidents
Types of Accidents
Electric shock / flash over. Fall from height. Falling object / caught in between Caught in between moving object. Inhalation of hazardous gases / fumes. Cave- in, in excavation work. Falling into pit/ drowning Road accidents
Theory of Accident
A personal injury occurs only as a result of an accident. An accident occurs only as a result of unsafe action or exposure to an unsafe mechanical or physical conditions of work Unsafe actions or unsafe conditions exist only because of fault of the persons / management. Faults of persons are inherited or acquired form the environment. The unsafe actions may be due to anatomical, physiological, lack of education, improper attitude, lack of knowledge or skill.
ACCIDENT
INJURY
Safety module: Accident, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007
88 %
10 %
2%
Any physical condition which deviates from accepted norm or practice and has the potential to cause accident.
Safe guarding all machines, equipments, work places etc. Rectifying or preventing defective conditions Safe design and construction Safe methods and practices, arrangements Adequate and suitable illumination and ventilation Safe dress and personal protective equipments
Factors of Accidents
The accidents may be due to the following factors Mechanical
These relates to the defects and inadequate safeguards of machinery to unsafe conditions of equipment Inadequately guarded, Unguarded, Unsafe design or construction, Hazardous arrangement (pilling, Overloading, etc.)
Environment
Illumination ,Ventilation, Temperature, Speed of work, Hours of work, Spread over to work period, Workload
Human
- Individual Factors - Personality factors - Psychological Factors - Sociological Factors
Factors of Accidents
Human Factors
Individual Factors 1.Age 2.Marriage 3.Education 4.Health 5.Length of service 6.Work performance Psychological Factors a) Attitude towards job b)Interest and Difficulties c)Machine habits d)Attention e)Fatigue
Safety module: Accident, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007
Sociological Factors a)Size of family b)Number of dependents c)Financial position d)Social Status e)Interpersonal relations f)Home environment
Cost of Accident
1. Cost to injured
2. Cost to Management
3. Cost of Society
Safety module: Accident, Rev 0.0, Mar 2007
Cost of Accident
1. Cost to injured
Pain & suffering of the injury or illness; Loss of income and possible loss of job; Health-care cost Family sufferings
Cost of Accident
2. Cost to Management
A. Direct cost
Compensation paid to the injured person Medical expenses Lost time of the injured employees. Lost time of other employees Lost time of foreman,supervisors,executives Cost time of hospital staff. Cost of damage to material & equipment. Incidental cost. Costs under employee welfare and benefit systems. Overhead cost over injured worker.
B. Indirect cost
3.
Cost of Society
Accident reporting
All accidents and near misses are to be reported to Safety Department and HR Department by EIC. Form III and III-A to be used. Safety Officer to inform CC and Factory Inspectorate.
Accident Investigation
All accidents and near misses are investigated to find out a) Cause of the accident; b) Loss or damage; c) Fixing of responsibility & d) Recommendations for preventions of recurrences.
Safety Objectives
1. Prime purpose is humanitarian i.e. to avoid immediate suffering Impairment temporary or permanent Economic effects on the injured and his family Loss of human resources
2. Reduction of costs
Accident prevention work can reduce the costs of production, operation and maintenance Availability of manpower essential to production Interruption of the orderly process
Philosophy of safety
1. 2. Most accidents are preventable. Most accidents are direct result of a faulty/ negative attitude towards safe practice. Front line Supervisors are in the best position to correct and mould employee attitude. Conviction is more to be desired than compulsion. Accidents and injuries will continue to occur until each employee follows Safe Practices.
3.
4. 5.