Washington Trails Association
Trails for everyone, forever
Washington Trails AssociationTrails for everyone, forever
In a world of dramatic peaks and vast forests, it can be challenging to examine the little things. Level-up your macro photography with these tips and tricks. By Doug Diekema
For most of us, getting close to nature means hitting the trail and enjoying views of mountain peaks, forests, lakes and meadows. But that quest for the view can lead us to miss the equally majestic and beautiful things at our feet. We may notice the clusters of flowers and the forest of ponderosa pines, but we rarely stop to examine their amazing details and color — the fine hairs on elegant cat’s ear, the amazing symmetry of western trillium, the curved lines of hellebore, the artistry of butterfly wings or the geometric complexity of a spiderweb strung across the trail. Close-up and macro photography help us see these remarkable details. Technically, macro photography requires that the subject being photographed is projected on the camera sensor at life-size or larger, providing a magnified image. The technical definition is less important, however, than the goal of capturing the small wonders of nature in a way that allows us to appreciate the intricate details of their composition.
Macro photography is a fun way to access the small wonders of nature. Photo by Doug Diekema
A typical landscape lens, with its wider field of view, may not be ideal for shooting close-ups. For those who really want to get serious, there are dedicated lenses specifically designed for macro photography. The extra cost and weight can represent a barrier, however, and I’ve found I can do some wonderful close-up photography using the telephoto lens on my mirrorless camera or using my camera phone. In fact, the newer versions of the iPhone have a macro setting that works quite well (Settings > Camera > Macro Control). When turned on, when the camera moves close to an object, it will automatically switch to the ultra-wide-angle lens, allowing amazing, sharply focused close-ups. Regardless of which camera you choose to use, here are the things you need to know to improve your close-up photography.
To capture the details and patterns that make a close-up photo special, the camera must be very close to the subject. If you’re not closer than a foot, you’re probably not close enough. Getting up close and personal presents some challenges when photographing a moving object or nervous insect. Butterflies, for example, tend to be quite skittish and rarely sit in one place for long, so capturing a good image requires patience.
Get up close and be mindful of movement from yourself or your subject. Photo by Doug Diekema
Anytime you’re capturing an image from inches away, the depth of focus will likely be very limited — sometimes only a few millimeters. At a 1:1 magnification, it may be impossible to sharply capture the full depth of a flower or the entire body of an insect. There are two strategies for dealing with this problem. The first is to choose which part of the subject needs to be in focus. With insects, this will almost always be their eyes and face. With flowers, it will be the part of the plant you most want to emphasize. This is not all bad, as the increasing blurriness that occurs with anything out of the plane of focus works to your advantage in reducing clutter and emphasizing what is most important about your image. The second strategy requires positioning the camera so that the important parts of the subject all lie in a plane that is parallel to the camera sensor.
Focus on what's essential to direct the viewer's eye. Photo by Doug Diekema
Try to find a background that draws attention to the main subject, rather than distracting from it. Look for a background that is simple, uniform in texture and color, blurred (“bokeh”), and of a color that contrasts with the subject. Look carefully for distracting elements — like stray branches, blades of grass or parts of other flowers — and eliminate them from the composition if possible. The farther the background elements are from the subject, the easier it will be to achieve that pleasing “bokeh” effect that sets apart a contest winner from just another pretty photo.
The farther the background elements are from the subject, the more it will stand out. Photo by Doug Diekema
Direct overhead sunlight rarely works well in close-up photography. Diffused light, like that found under a canopy of trees, can reduce shadows, provide more uniform illumination and allow for richer colors. If your subject transmits light, like plants, flowers, spiderwebs and droplets, backlighting can make the image “pop.” Be aware of your own shadow and the impact that it might have on the lighting and composition.
Optimize lighting to add depth and color to an image. Photo by Doug Diekema
Many small objects worthy of your attention will not be conveniently located at eye level. You will have to move your body and camera to optimize the lighting, keep the important elements in the same plane as your sensor and capture the composition you want. Try different angles and perspectives, and don’t be afraid to get down and dirty where the plants and bugs live — they are often more interesting from ground level than from above. Of course, this means you’ll need to dress appropriately! (And don’t trample the plants!)
Your subject won't always be at the perfect angle. Move your body to capture your dream shot (and please be mindful of where you step). Photo by Doug Diekema
Macro and close-up photography is a fun way to expand your creative vision. It’s also a different way of seeing and enjoying nature, leading to a greater appreciation of the complex and elaborate construction of nature’s smaller wonders. The delicate structure of a flower, the intricate details of a spider’s web and the color palette of a frog’s skin are remarkable to gaze upon, and photography can help us do that more often.
