The Long March 2C (LM-2C), also known as the Chang Zheng 2C (CZ-2C), is a Chinese orbital launch vehicle, part of the Long March 2 rocket family. Developed and manufactured by the China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology (CALT),[2] the Long March 2C made its first launch on 9 September 1982. It is a two-stage launch vehicle with storable propellants, consisting of Nitrogen Tetroxide and Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine. The launch vehicle was derived from the DF-5 ICBM.[2]
![]() Rendering of Long March 2C | |
Function | Launch vehicle |
---|---|
Manufacturer | CALT |
Country of origin | People's Republic of China |
Size | |
Height | 42 m (138 ft) [1] |
Diameter | 3.35 m (11.0 ft) [1] |
Mass | 233,000 kg (514,000 lb) |
Stages | 2 |
Capacity | |
Payload to Low Earth orbit | |
Mass | 3,850 kg (8,490 lb) |
Payload to Sun-synchronous orbit | |
Mass | 2C: 1,400 kg (3,100 lb) 2C/SMA: 1,900 kg (4,200 lb) |
Payload to GTO | |
Mass | 2C/SM: 1,250 kg (2,760 lb) |
Associated rockets | |
Family | Long March |
Launch history | |
Status | Active |
Launch sites | LA-2/138 and LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC LA-7 and LA-9, TSLC LA-3, XSLC |
Total launches | 78 |
Success(es) | 76 |
Failure(s) | 1 |
Partial failure(s) | 1 |
First flight | 9 September 1982 |
Last flight | 22 June 2024 |
First stage | |
Height | 25.72 m |
Diameter | 3.35 m |
Propellant mass | 162,706 kg (358,705 lb) |
Powered by | 4 YF-21C |
Maximum thrust | 2,961.6 kN (665,800 lbf) |
Specific impulse | 2,556.5 m/s (8,387 ft/s) |
Propellant | N2O4 / UDMH |
Second stage | |
Height | 7.757 m |
Diameter | 3.35 m |
Propellant mass | 54,667 kg (120,520 lb) |
Powered by | 1 YF-24E (1 x YF-22E (Main)) (4 x YF-23C (Vernier)) |
Maximum thrust | 741.4 kN (166,700 lbf) (Main) 47.1 kN (10,600 lbf) (Vernier) |
Specific impulse | 2,922.37 m/s (297.999 s) (Main) 2,834.11 m/s (288.999 s) (Vernier) |
Propellant | N2O4 / UDMH |
Third stage – (optional) | |
Height | 1.5 m |
Diameter | 2.7 m |
Propellant mass | 125 kg (276 lb) |
Powered by | 1 solid motor |
Maximum thrust | 10.78 kN (2,420 lbf) |
Specific impulse | 2,804 m/s (285.9 s) |
Propellant | AP / HTPB |
Third stage (optional) – YZ-1S | |
Powered by | 1 × YF-50D |
Maximum thrust | 6.5 kN (1,500 lbf) |
Specific impulse | 315.5 s (3.094 km/s) |
Propellant | N2O4 / UDMH |
Several variants of this launch vehicle have been built, all using an optional third solid motor stage:[3]
- 2C/SD: Commercial satellite launcher with a multi-satellite smart dispenser allowing delivery of two satellites simultaneously
- 2C/SM: Version for delivery of small satellites to high orbits
- 2C/SMA: Improved version of the 2C/SM
According to the website Gunter's Space Page,[4] in addition to the launches listed in the following table, there may have been six additional CZ-2C launches during 2014 and 2015. These possible launches apparently were conducted at the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center on the following dates: 9 January 2014, 7 August 2014, 2 December 2014, 7 June 2015, 20 August 2015, and 23 November 2015; five of these six launches were apparently successful, while the launch on 7 August 2014 appears to have failed. However, due to the lack of additional sources for these six launches, they are not currently included in the following launch list.
Aerodynamic grid fins were added on the Long March 2C in 2019 to help guide falling stages away from populated areas. China is studying using reusable rocket technology in the future.[5] A fairing recovery system through parachutes has been tested during the Yaogan 30-09 and Yaogan 30-10 launches in order to improve control of debris landing inland on potentially populated areas.[6]
List of launches
editFlight number | Serial number | Date (UTC) | Launch site | Upper stage (if used) | Payload | Orbit | Result |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Y1 | 9 September 1982 07:19 |
LA-2/138, JSLC | FSW-0 No.4 | LEO | Success | |
2 | Y2 | 19 August 1983 06:00 |
LA-2/138, JSLC | FSW-0 No.5 | LEO | Success | |
3 | Y3 | 12 September 1984 05:44 |
LA-2/138, JSLC | FSW-0 No.6 | LEO | Success | |
4 | Y4 | 21 October 1985 05:04 |
LA-2/138, JSLC | FSW-0 No.7 | LEO | Success | |
5 | Y5 | 6 October 1986 05:40 |
LA-2/138, JSLC | FSW-0 No.8 | LEO | Success | |
6 | Y6 | 5 August 1987 06:39 |
LA-2/138, JSLC | FSW-0 No.9 | LEO | Success | |
7 | Y7 | 9 September 1987 07:15 |
LA-2/138, JSLC | FSW-1 No.1 | LEO | Success | |
8 | Y8 | 5 August 1988 07:29 |
LA-2/138, JSLC | FSW-1 No.2 | LEO | Success | |
9 | Y9 | 5 October 1990 06:14 |
LA-2/138, JSLC | FSW-1 No.3 | LEO | Success | |
10 | Y10 | 6 October 1992 06:20 |
LA-2/138, JSLC | FSW-1 No.4 Freja |
LEO | Success | |
11 | Y11 | 8 October 1993 08:00 |
LA-2/138, JSLC | FSW-1 No.5 | LEO | Success | |
12 | 2CFP-Y1 | 1 September 1997 14:00 |
LA-7, TSLC | 2C/SD | Iridium mass simulator A Iridium mass simulator B |
LEO | Success |
13 | 2CFP-Y2 | 8 December 1997 07:16 |
LA-7, TSLC | 2C/SD | Iridium 42 Iridium 44 |
LEO | Success |
14 | 2CFP-Y3 | 25 March 1998 17:01 |
LA-7, TSLC | 2C/SD | Iridium 51 Iridium 61 |
LEO | Success |
15 | 2CFP-Y4 | 2 May 1998 09:16 |
LA-7, TSLC | 2C/SD | Iridium 69 Iridium 71 |
LEO | Success |
16 | 2CFP-Y5 | 19 August 1998 23:01 |
LA-7, TSLC | 2C/SD | Iridium 76 Iridium 78 |
LEO | Success |
17 | 2CFP-Y6 | 19 December 1998 11:39 |
LA-7, TSLC | 2C/SD | Iridium 88 Iridium 89 |
LEO | Success |
18 | 2CFP-Y7 | 11 June 1999 17:15 |
LA-7, TSLC | 2C/SD | Iridium 92 Iridium 93 |
LEO | Success |
19 | 2CSM-Y1 | 29 December 2003 19:06 |
LA-3, XSLC | 2C/SM | Double Star 1 | HEO | Success |
20 | Y14 | 18 April 2004 15:59 |
LA-3, XSLC | Shiyan 1 Nano Satellite 1 |
SSO | Success | |
21 | 2CSM-Y2 | 25 July 2004 07:05 |
LA-7, TSLC | 2C/SM | Double Star 2 | HEO | Success |
22 | Y12 | 29 August 2004 07:50 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | FSW-4 No.1 | LEO | Success | |
23 | Y15 | 18 November 2004 10:45 |
LA-3, XSLC | Shiyan 2 | SSO | Success | |
24 | Y13 | 2 August 2005 07:30 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | FSW-4 No.2 | LEO | Success | |
25 | Y16 | 9 September 2006 07:00 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | Shijian 8 | LEO | Success | |
26 | Y18 | 11 April 2007 03:27 |
LA-7, TSLC | HaiYang-1B | SSO | Success | |
27 | 2CSMA-Y1 | 6 September 2008 03:25 |
LA-7, TSLC | 2C/SMA | Huanjing-1A Huanjing-1B |
SSO | Success |
28 | Y19 | 22 April 2009 02:55 |
LA-7, TSLC | Yaogan 6 | SSO | Success | |
29 | Y21 | 12 November 2009 02:45 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | Shijian 11-01 | SSO | Success | |
30 | Y25 | 6 July 2011 04:28 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | Shijian 11-03 | SSO | Success | |
31 | Y24 | 29 July 2011 07:42 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | Shijian 11-02 | SSO | Success | |
32 | Y26 | 18 August 2011 09:28 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | Shijian 11-04 | SSO | Failure | |
33 | Y20 | 29 November 2011 18:50 |
LA-9, TSLC | Yaogan 13 | SSO | Success | |
34 | 2CSMA-Y2 | 14 October 2012 03:25 |
LA-9, TSLC | 2C/SMA | Shijian 9A Shijian 9B |
SSO | Success |
35 | Y17 | 18 November 2012 22:53 |
LA-9, TSLC | Huanjing-1C Xinyan 1 Fengniao 1 |
SSO | Success | |
36 | Y23 | 15 July 2013 09:27 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | Shijian 11-05 | SSO | Success | |
37 | Y28 | 29 October 2013 02:50 |
LA-9, TSLC | Yaogan 18 | SSO | Success | |
38 | Y27 | 31 March 2014 02:46 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | Shijian 11-06 | SSO | Success | |
39 | Y31 | 28 September 2014 05:13 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | Shijian 11-07 | SSO | Success | |
40 | Y32 | 27 October 2014 06:59 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | Shijian 11-08 | SSO | Success | |
41 | Y35 | 14 November 2014 18:53 |
LA-9, TSLC | Yaogan 23 | SSO | Success | |
42 | Y29 | 29 September 2017 04:21 |
LA-3, XSLC | Yaogan 30-01 A/B/C | LEO | Success | |
43 | Y33 | 24 November 2017 18:10 |
LA-3, XSLC | Yaogan 30-02 A/B/C | LEO | Success | |
44 | Y34 | 25 December 2017 19:44 |
LA-3, XSLC | Yaogan 30-03 A/B/C | LEO | Success | |
45 | Y36 | 25 January 2018 05:39 |
LA-3, XSLC | Yaogan 30-04 A/B/C | LEO | Success | |
46 | Y44 | 27 June 2018 03:30 |
LC-3, XSLC | XJSS A/B | LEO | Success | |
47 | 2CSMA-Y3 | 9 July 2018 03:56 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | 2C/SMA | PRSS-1 PakTES-1A |
SSO | Success |
48 | Y39 | 7 September 2018 03:15 |
LA-9, TSLC | HaiYang-1C | SSO | Success | |
49 | Y38 | 9 October 2018 02:43 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | 2C/YZ-1S | Yaogan 32A, 32B | SSO | Success |
50 | Y22 | 29 October 2018 00:43 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | CFOSAT | SSO | Success | |
51 | Y37 | 26 July 2019 03:57 |
LA-3, XSLC | Yaogan 30-05 A/B/C | LEO | Success | |
52 | Y42 | 24 March 2020 03:43 |
LA-3, XSLC | Yaogan 30-06 A/B/C | LEO | Success | |
53 | Y40 | 10 June 2020 18:31 [5] |
LA-9, TSLC | HaiYang 1D | SSO | Success | |
54 | Y43 | 26 October 2020 15:19 [7] |
LA-3, XSLC | Yaogan 30-07 A/B/C | LEO | Success | |
55 | Y47 | 6 May 2021 18:11[8] |
LA-3, XSLC | Yaogan 30-08 A/B/C Tianqi-12 |
LEO | Success | |
56 | Y48 | 18 June 2021 06:30[9] |
LA-3, XSLC | Yaogan 30-09 A/B/C Tianqi-14 |
LEO | Success | |
57 | Y49 | 19 July 2021 00:19[6] |
LA-3, XSLC | Yaogan 30-10 A/B/C Tianqi-15 |
LEO | Success | |
58 | Y51 | 24 August 2021 11:15[10] |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | 2C/YZ-1S | RSW-01 RSW-02 Undisclosed payload |
LEO | Success |
59 | Y41 | 3 November 2021 07:43 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | 2C/YZ-1S | Yaogan 32-02 A/B | SSO | Success |
60 | Y62 | 5 March 2022 06:01 |
LA-3, XSLC | Yinhe Hangtian-2 01/.../06 Xuanming Xingyuan |
LEO | Success | |
61 | Y70 | 29 April 2022 04:11 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | SuperView Neo 1-01/02 (Siwei Gaojing 1-01/02) | SSO | Success | |
62 | Y53 | 20 May 2022 10:30 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | 2C/YZ-1S | LEO Test Sat 1/2 Digui Tongxin Weixing |
LEO | Success |
63 | Y65 | 2 June 2022 04:00 |
LA-3, XSLC | GeeSAT-1 01/.../09 | LEO | Success | |
64 | Y71 | 15 July 2022 22:57 |
LA-9, TSLC | SuperView Neo 2-01/02 (Siwei-03/04) | SSO | Success | |
65 | Y66 | 12 October 2022 22:53 |
LA-9, TSLC | S-SAR 01 (Huanjing-2E) | SSO | Success | |
66 | Y61 | 12 January 2023 18:10 |
LA-3, XSLC | Apstar 6E +(independent propulsion module) | GTO | Success | |
67 | Y63 | 24 February 2023 04:01 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | Horus-1 | SSO | Success | |
68 | Y64 | 13 March 2023 04:02 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | Horus-2 | SSO | Success | |
69 | Y60 | 21 May 2023 08:00 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | MSS-1 A/B Luojia-2 01 |
LEO | Success | |
70 | Y52 | 9 July 2023 11:00 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | 2C/YZ-1S | Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan A, B | LEO | Success |
71 | Y46 | 8 August 2023 22:53 |
LA-9, TSLC | S-SAR 02 (Huanjing-2F) | SSO | Success | |
72 | Y56 | 16 November 2023 03:55 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | 2C/YZ-1S | Haiyang-3A | SSO | Success |
73 | Y54 | 4 December 2023 04:10 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | MisrSat-2 Xingchi-2A/2B |
SSO | Success | |
74 | Y73 | 30 December 2023 00:13 |
LA-4/SLS-2, JSLC | 2C/YZ-1S | Hulianwang Jishu Shiyan 4A, 4B, 4C | LEO | Success |
75 | Y30 | 9 January 2024 07:03 |
LA-3, XSLC | Einstein Probe | LEO | Success | |
76 | Y85 | 2 February 2024 23:37 |
LA-3, XSLC | GeeSAT-2 10/.../20 | LEO | Success | |
77 | Y86 | 13 March 2024 12:51 |
LA-3, XSLC | 2C/YZ-1S | DRO-A, B | Selenocentric (DRO) | Partial failure |
78 | Y50 | 22 June 2024 07:00 |
LA-3, XSLC | SVOM CATCH 1 |
LEO | Success | |
79 | Y? | August 2024 | TBA | TBA | LEO | Planned |
Launch failures
editShijian 11-04 launch failure
editOn 18 August 2011, a Long March 2C rocket failed during the launch of the Shijian 11-04 satellite. During the powered flight phase of the second stage, the connecting mechanism between vernier engine no.3 and the servo-control mechanism of the second stage failed, which led to the loss of attitude control on the second stage.[11]
Launch statistics
edit- Failure
- Partial failure
- Success
- Planned
References
edit- ^ a b "LM-2C". China Great Wall Industry Corporation. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
- ^ a b "China's Orbital Launch Activity 2020" (PDF). Bryce Space and Technology. 27 May 2020. Retrieved 22 June 2020.
- ^ "Chang Zheng-2C (Long March-2C)". SinoDefence. Archived from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
- ^ Gunter Dirk Krebs. "CZ-2 (Chang Zheng-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 17 February 2020.
- ^ a b Clark, Stephen (10 June 2020). "China launches ocean monitoring satellite". Spaceflight Now. Retrieved 12 June 2020.
- ^ a b Navin, Joseph (18 July 2021). "China tests fairing recovery technologies on Long March 2C launch with four satellites". NASASpaceFlight.com. Retrieved 19 July 2021.
- ^ "Launch Schedule". Spaceflight Now. 23 October 2020. Retrieved 25 October 2020.
- ^ "成功!老将长二丙2021首战!还有7发!" [success! Veteran Chang Er C first match in 2021! There are 7 more shots!] (in Chinese). 6 May 2021. Retrieved 6 May 2021.
- ^ Cong, Zhao (18 June 2021). "两天两连胜!长二丙火箭成功发射遥感三十号09组卫星" [Two consecutive victories in two days! Long March 2C rocket successfully launched Yaogan 30-09 satellites] (in Chinese). CASC. Retrieved 18 June 2021.
- ^ "又在整流罩上"搞事情",长二丙送3颗通信卫星飞天" ["Doing things" on the fairing again, Long March 2C sends 3 communication satellites to the sky]. China Space News (in Chinese). 24 August 2021. Retrieved 24 August 2021.
- ^ "Malfunction at devices connection blamed for orbiter launch failure". Xinhua News Agency. 6 September 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 9 August 2015.
External links
edit- "LM-2C USER'S MANUAL". CALT. 1999. Archived from the original on 16 January 2016.
- Gunter Dirk Krebs. "CZ-2 (Chang Zheng-2)". Gunter's Space Page. Retrieved 9 August 2015.