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January 1939

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The following events occurred in January 1939:

January 1, 1939 (Sunday)

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January 2, 1939 (Monday)

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January 3, 1939 (Tuesday)

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January 4, 1939 (Wednesday)

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  • U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt gave the 1939 State of the Union Address to Congress. "A war which threatened to envelop the world in flames has been averted; but it has become increasingly clear that world peace is not assured", Roosevelt warned. "The deadline of danger from within and from without is not within our control. The hour-glass may be in the hands of other nations. Our own hour-glass tells us that we are off on a race to make democracy work, so that we may be efficient in peace and therefore secure in national defense."[3]
  • The Nationalists captured Borjas Blancas.[4]

January 5, 1939 (Thursday)

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January 6, 1939 (Friday)

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January 7, 1939 (Saturday)

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January 8, 1939 (Sunday)

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January 9, 1939 (Monday)

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January 10, 1939 (Tuesday)

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January 11, 1939 (Wednesday)

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  • Neville Chamberlain and Lord Halifax traveled on to Rome and met with Benito Mussolini. Chamberlain hoped to persuade Mussolini to advise Hitler not to make any warlike moves. Mussolini said that Italy desired peace but made no promises. Chamberlain was heartened by the loud cheers he received from Italians during his visit.[14]
  • Born: Anne Heggtveit, alpine ski racer, in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada

January 12, 1939 (Thursday)

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January 13, 1939 (Friday)

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January 14, 1939 (Saturday)

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  • Norway laid claim to about a million square miles in the Antarctic to be used for whaling.[21]
  • The Reich Propaganda Ministry notified the German press that Hitler was no longer to be referred to as "Führer and Reich Chancellor" but was now to be called simply "Führer".[22]

January 15, 1939 (Sunday)

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January 16, 1939 (Monday)

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  • Three early morning bomb explosions occurred in the London suburbs, one of them knocking out a power station in the north of the city that affected 25,000 people. These were the first of the S-Plan bombings conducted by the Irish Republican Army.[24]
  • Superman premiered as a daily newspaper comic strip.
  • A column by noted American gossip writer Hedda Hopper denounced the choice of Vivien Leigh to play Scarlett O'Hara in Gone With the Wind, criticizing the casting of an English actress in such a sought-after American role. Hopper printed a letter from a reader predicting that millions of Americans would stay away from the film in protest.[25]

January 17, 1939 (Tuesday)

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January 18, 1939 (Wednesday)

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  • British police arrested 14 suspected IRA members and seized large quantities of ammunition in their investigation of the S-Plan bombings.[28]
  • Born: Bo Gritz, Vietnam War veteran and U.S. presidential candidate, in Enid, Oklahoma
  • Died: Ivan Mosjoukine, 49, Russian film actor (tuberculosis)

January 19, 1939 (Thursday)

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January 20, 1939 (Friday)

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January 21, 1939 (Saturday)

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  • Czechoslovak Foreign Minister František Chvalkovský went to Berlin to see Adolf Hitler, who made a series of harsh demands. Czechoslovakia was ordered to quit the League of Nations, drastically reduce the size of its military, do as Germany instructed with regard to foreign policy and pass antisemitic legislation.[32]

January 22, 1939 (Sunday)

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January 23, 1939 (Monday)

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January 24, 1939 (Tuesday)

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January 25, 1939 (Wednesday)

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January 26, 1939 (Thursday)

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January 27, 1939 (Friday)

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  • Hitler approved Plan Z, an ambitious naval construction program that would give the Kriegsmarine some 800 ships by 1948.[38]

January 28, 1939 (Saturday)

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January 29, 1939 (Sunday)

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January 30, 1939 (Monday)

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Hitler's prophecy speech in the Reichstag, 30 January 1939

January 31, 1939 (Tuesday)

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  • President Roosevelt held a meeting with several powerful senators in the Oval Office and said that "the safety of the Rhine frontier does necessarily interest us." When asked if he meant that he considered the Rhine frontier to be America's frontier, the president said he did not, but "practically speaking if the Rhine frontiers are threatened the rest of the world is too." Someone at the meeting leaked the details to the press, resulting in a wave of alarmist articles warning the American public, which mostly favored isolationism at the time, that Roosevelt was prepared to entangle the country in a European war.[42][43]
  • George Burns was fined $8,000 for jewelry smuggling in addition to the $9,770 already paid in duties and penalties. He was also sentenced to a year and a day in prison but that sentence was suspended.[44]
  • The Berliner Tageblatt was shut down by the Nazis.
  • The last issue of the Austrian newspaper Neue Freie Presse was published.[45]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f "Januar 1939 Ereignisse".
  2. ^ Tony Cliff (1990). State Capitalism in the USSR from Stalin to Gorbachev. Translated by Jacques Fournier. Atelier Editions. p. 94. ISBN 978-2-85139-095-0.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  3. ^ Peters, Gerbhard; Woolley, John T. "Annual Message to Congress – January 4, 1939". The American Presidency Project. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  4. ^ "1939". MusicAndHistory. Archived from the original on June 5, 2014. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  5. ^ Charman, Terry (2009). Outbreak 1939: The World Goes to War. Virgin Books. ISBN 9780753536681.
  6. ^ "5 January 1939 | This Day in Aviation". 5 January 2024. Retrieved 31 March 2024.
  7. ^ Iorizzo, Luciano J. (2003). Al Capone: A Biography. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing. p. 97. ISBN 9780313323171.
  8. ^ van der Krogt, Peter. "87 Francium". Elementymology & Elements Multidict. Retrieved 2019-01-07.
  9. ^ "Chancellory of 900 Rooms Now Hitler's Office". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 10, 1939. p. 5.
  10. ^ "The New Reich Chancelloery, Designed by Albert Speer". German History in Documents and Images. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  11. ^ "Heat Wave Starts Fires". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 10, 1939. p. 5.
  12. ^ "Britain Supports France Against Italian Threats". Brooklyn Daily Eagle. January 10, 1939. p. 1.
  13. ^ "Jack Benny Accused by U. S.". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 11, 1939. p. 1.
  14. ^ McDonough, Frank (1998). Neville Chamberlain, Appeasement, and the British Road to War. Manchester University Press. pp. 76–77. ISBN 9780719048326.
  15. ^ "British-Italian Talks in Rome End in Failure". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 13, 1939. p. 5.
  16. ^ "Hitler Lines Up Hungary in War on Communism". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 14, 1939. p. 1.
  17. ^ "Loyalist Troops Quit Ebro Zone to Escape Trap". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 14, 1939. p. 4.
  18. ^ Bottum, Joseph; Dalin, David G. (2004). The Pius War: Responses to the Critics of Pius XII. Lexington Books. p. 119. ISBN 9780739109069.
  19. ^ "Escapes". Alcatraz History. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  20. ^ Martin, Rachel L. (January 13, 2014). "Casting Scarlett: Reflecting on "Gone With the Wind"". National Museum of American History. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  21. ^ "Claims Polar Area". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 15, 1939. p. 15.
  22. ^ "Tageseinträge für 14. Januar 1939". chroniknet. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  23. ^ "Franco Takes Loyalist Port". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 16, 1939. p. 1.
  24. ^ McMahon, Paul (2008). British Spies and Irish Rebels: British Intelligence and Ireland, 1916–1945. Woodbridge, Suffolk: Boydell Press. p. 267. ISBN 9781843833765.
  25. ^ "Vivian Leigh cast a Scarlett O'Hara, January 1939". Los Angeles Times. January 16, 2009. Retrieved November 7, 2015.
  26. ^ Hall, Timothy L. (2001). Supreme Court Justices: A Biographical Dictionary. Facts on File, Inc. p. 313. ISBN 9781438108179.
  27. ^ "Barrow Appointed President of Yankees". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 18, 1939. p. 17.
  28. ^ "British Seize 14 in Bombings". Daily Illini. Champaign. January 19, 1939. p. 1.
  29. ^ "Schacht Loses Nazi Bank Job; U. S. Trade Hit". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 20, 1939. p. 1.
  30. ^ "Rebels Capture Key Region". The Border Watch. Mount Gambier. January 21, 1939. p. 1.
  31. ^ Korman, Seymour (January 21, 1939). "Acquit Moran of Forgery". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  32. ^ Shirer, William L. (2011). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich: A History of Nazi Germany. New York: Simon & Schuster. pp. 438–439. ISBN 9781451651683.
  33. ^ a b Cortada, James W., ed. (1982). Historical Dictionary of the Spanish Civil War, 1936–1939. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Press. p. 513. ISBN 0-313-22054-9.
  34. ^ Darrah, David (January 24, 1939). "Britain Asks Home Defense of 30 Million". Chicago Daily Tribune. p. 1.
  35. ^ "Joe Louis Stops Lewis; Bout Ends in 2½ Minutes". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 26, 1939. p. 1.
  36. ^ "Sir Stafford Cripps Expelled by Labour Party". Albany Advertiser. Albany, Western Australia. January 26, 1939. p. 1.
  37. ^ Davidson, Eugene (1996). The Unmaking of Adolf Hitler. University of Missouri Press. p. 334. ISBN 9780826215291.
  38. ^ Moll, Martin. "Plan Z (1939–1943)." Germany at War: 400 Years of Military History. Ed. David T. Zabecki. ABC-CLIO, 2014. p. 1002. ISBN 9781598849813.
  39. ^ "Rebels Press Ahead as Rout of Foe Grows". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 28, 1939. p. 1.
  40. ^ "Radical Beats Gandhi's Aid in Indian Party Election". Chicago Daily Tribune. January 30, 1939. p. 4.
  41. ^ MacDonogh, Giles (2009). 1938: Hitler's Gamble. Basic Books. p. 255. ISBN 9780465022052.
  42. ^ Duffy, James (2010). Lindbergh vs. Roosevelt: The Rivalry That Divided America. Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing. p. 97. ISBN 9781596981676.
  43. ^ "Bare Roosevelt War Aims". Chicago Daily Tribune. February 1, 1939. p. 1.
  44. ^ Epstein, Lawrence J. (2011). George Burns: An American Life. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. pp. 78–79. ISBN 9780786487936.
  45. ^ "Tageseinträge für 31. Januar 1939". chroniknet. Retrieved November 7, 2015.