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List of types of fraud

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In law, fraud is an intentional deception to secure unfair or unlawful gain, or to deprive a victim of a legal right. Fraud can violate civil law or criminal law, or it may cause no loss of money, property, or legal right but still be an element of another civil or criminal wrong.[1] The purpose of fraud may be monetary gain or other benefits, for example by obtaining a passport, travel document, or driver's license, or mortgage fraud, where the perpetrator may attempt to qualify for a mortgage by way of false statements.[2] In contrast, a hoax is a distinct concept that involves deliberate deception without the intention of gain or of materially damaging or depriving a victim.

Types

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The list is not exhaustive.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Legal Dictionary: fraud". Law.com. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
  2. ^ "Basic Legal Concepts". Journal of Accountancy. October 2004. Retrieved 18 December 2013.
  3. ^ Lazarus, Suleman; Okolorie, Geoffrey U. (2019). "The bifurcation of the Nigerian cybercriminals: Narratives of the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC) agents". Telematics and Informatics. 40: 14–26. doi:10.1016/j.tele.2019.04.009. S2CID 150113120.
  4. ^ U. S. Security and Exchange Commission (9 October 2013). "Affinity Fraud:How To Avoid Investment Scams That Target Groups".
  5. ^ "Newsbank - The Sacramento Bee & Sacbee.com".
  6. ^ "Bankruptcy fraud | Wex | US Law". Legal Information Institute. Cornell University. Archived from the original on 29 August 2011. Retrieved 22 June 2022.
  7. ^ Poole, Riley (5 January 2008). "Understanding Friendly Fraud". Merchant Talk. Archived from the original on 2008-07-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  8. ^ Huang, Lindsey; Orbach, Barak (2018). "Con Men and Their Enablers: The Anatomy of Confidence Games". Social Research: An International Quarterly. 85 (4): 795–822. doi:10.1353/sor.2018.0050.
  9. ^ "Cramming A New Form Of Fraud, Officials Say - Consumer Alert News Story - WBAL Baltimore". WBAL-TV. 2006-10-05. Archived from the original on February 18, 2012. Retrieved 2011-09-14.
  10. ^ "FBI Common Fraud Schemes". US Federal Bureau of Investigation. Retrieved 2 August 2013.
  11. ^ "The Myth of Voter Fraud". Brennan Center for Justice. Archived from the original on 2019-09-27. Retrieved 2020-11-07.
  12. ^ "Employment Fraud Law and Legal Definition | USLegal, Inc". definitions.uslegal.com. Retrieved 2019-09-06.
  13. ^ Fox, Dov; Cohen, I. Glenn; Adashi, Eli Y. (November 2019). "Fertility Fraud, Legal Firsts, and Medical Ethics". Obstetrics & Gynecology. 134 (5): 918–920. doi:10.1097/AOG.0000000000003516. PMID 31599835. S2CID 204028910.
  14. ^ Lindsay, Daniel (2014-01-20). "Regulatory Holes Provide A Playground For Forex Fraudsters". mahifx.com. Archived from the original on 2014-02-03. Retrieved 2014-01-28.
  15. ^ Illinois State Police, Common Citizen Scams, accessed Nov. 17, 2010
  16. ^ People v. Bertsche, 265 Ill. 272, 106 N.E. 823 (Ill. 1914)
  17. ^ Black's Law Dictionary (2nd Pocket ed. 2001 pg. 293).
  18. ^ Nasdaq. "Glossary: Front running".
  19. ^ "Oxford English Dictionary online". Oxford University Press. September 2007. Retrieved 27 September 2010.
  20. ^ "FBI — Insurance Fraud". Fbi.gov. 2005-09-08. Retrieved 2014-02-07.
  21. ^ "1QIS 2 - Operational Risk Loss Data – 4 May 2001," Bank of International Settlements
  22. ^ George J. Benston (July–August 2006). "Fair-value accounting: A cautionary tale from Enron". Journal of Accounting and Public Policy. 25 (4): 465–484. doi:10.1016/j.jaccpubpol.2006.05.003.
  23. ^ "Odometer Fraud | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration(NHTSA) | U.S. Department of Transportation". 2007-07-13. Archived from the original on 2007-07-13. Retrieved 2019-03-10.
  24. ^ "Financial Crimes to the Public Report 2006". FBI. 2006.
  25. ^ CFCA. "CFCA's 2011 Worldwide Telecom Fraud Survey" (PDF). CFCA. Retrieved 5 December 2011.
  26. ^ Barrett, Stephen (2009-01-17). "Quackery: how should it be defined?". quackwatch.org. Archived from the original on 2009-02-25. Retrieved 2013-08-09.
  27. ^ Varney, Christine (3 March 1998). "Prepared Remarks of Federal Trade Commissioner Christine A. Varney" (PDF). FTC. Retrieved 30 March 2016.
  28. ^ Davies, Kevin; Roy, Julian (1998). "Fraud in the Canadian courts: An unwarranted expansion of the scope of the criminal sanction". Canadian Business Law Journal. 30: 210. Retrieved 10 September 2017.

Further reading

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  • The dictionary definition of Fraud at Wiktionary