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Hieroglyph | Proto-Sinaitic | IPA value | Reconstructed name | Phoenician | Imperial Aramaic | Hebrew | Nabataean (from Aramaic) |
Ancient South Arabian | ||||||||||
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/ʔ/ | ʾalp "ox"[2][3] | ![]() |
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א | ![]() |
𐩱 | ||||||||||
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/b/ | bayt "house"[2] | ![]() |
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ב | ![]() |
𐩨 | ||||||||||
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/g/ | gaml "throw-stick" [3] | ![]() |
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ג | ![]() |
𐩴 | ||||||||||
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/d/ | dalt "door"[2] or digg "fish"[3] | ![]() |
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ד דּ | ![]() |
𐩵 | ||||||||||
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/h/ | haw "man calling"[3] or hillul "jubilate"[2] | ![]() |
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ה | ![]() |
𐩠 | ||||||||||
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/w/ | waw "mace"[3] or "hook"[2] | ![]() |
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ו | ![]() |
𐩥 | ||||||||||
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/z/ | zayn/zayt "sword"[citation needed] or "copper ingot"[4] or ziq "fetter"[2] | ![]() |
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ז | ![]() |
𐩸 | ||||||||||
/ð/ | ḏayp "eyebrow"[2] | ![]() |
𐩹 | |||||||||||||||
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/ħ/ | ḥaṣir "mansion"[2] or (ḥêt)"fence"[3] | ![]() |
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ח | ![]() |
𐩢 | ||||||||||
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/x/ | (ḫa) "hank of yarn"[3] or ḫayt "thread"[2] | 𐩭 | |||||||||||||||
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/tˤ/ | ṭab "good"[2] or ṭayt "spindle"[3] | ![]() |
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ט | ![]() |
𐩷 | ||||||||||
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/j/ | yad "arm"[3] or "hand"[2] | ![]() |
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י | ![]() |
𐩺 | ||||||||||
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/k/ | kap(p) "palm"[3][2] | ![]() |
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ךכ | ![]() |
𐩫 | ||||||||||
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/l/ | lamd "goad"[2][3] | ![]() |
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ל | ![]() |
𐩡 | ||||||||||
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/m/ | maym "water"[2] | ![]() |
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םמ | ![]() |
𐩣 | ||||||||||
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/n/ | naḥš "snake"[3][2] | ![]() |
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ןנ | ![]() |
𐩬 | ||||||||||
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/s/ | samk "fish/support"[3][2] | ![]() |
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ס | ![]() |
𐩯 | ||||||||||
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/ʕ/ | ʿayn "eye"[3][2] | ![]() |
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ע | ![]() |
𐩲 | ||||||||||
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/ɣ/ | (ġa) (unknown)[3] or ġinab "grape"[2] | 𐩶 | ||||||||||||||
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/p/ | pu "mouth"[2] or pʿit "corner"[3] | ![]() |
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ףפ | ![]() |
𐩰 | |||||||||||
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/sˤ/ | (ṣad) "plant"[3] or ṣirar "bag"[2] | ![]() |
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ץצ | ![]() |
𐩮 | ||||||||||
/ɬˤ/? | ![]() |
𐩳 | ||||||||||||||||
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/θˤ/ | ẓil "shade"[2] | ![]() |
𐩼 | |||||||||||||
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/kˤ/ | qu(p) "monkey"[3][6] or qaw "cord, line"[2] | ![]() |
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ק | ![]() |
𐩤 | ||||||||||
[1][2] or
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/r/ | raʾš "head"[2][3] | ![]() |
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ר | ![]() |
𐩧 | ||||||||||
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/ʃ/ | šamš "sun"[2] | ![]() |
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שׁ שׂ | ![]() |
𐩪 | ||||||||||
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/ɬ/? | ṯann "composite bow"[8][3] or ṯad "breast"[2] | 𐩦 | ||||||||||||||
/θ/ | ![]() |
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𐩻 | |||||||||||||||
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/t/ | taw "mark"[3][2] | ![]() |
ת תּ | 𐩩 |
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Simons 2011, p. 38, fig. 2.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax Colless 2010, p. 96, fig. 5.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Albright 1966, fig. 1.
- ^ a b Cross, F. M. (1980) Newly Found Inscriptions in Old Canaanite and Early Phoenician Scripts. Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research, 238, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.2307/1356511
- ^ a b c d "Aramaic and Hebrew: A linguistic comparison". vocab.chat. Retrieved 2024-01-21.
- ^ Pandey, Anshuman (30 July 2019). "Revisiting the Encoding of Proto Sinaitic in Unicode" (PDF). Unicode.org.
- ^ Vainstub, Daniel; Mumcuoglu, Madeleine; Hasel, Michael G.; Hesler, Katherine M.; Lavi, Miriam; Rabinovich, Rivka; Goren, Yuval; Garfinkel, Yosef. "A Canaanite's Wish to Eradicate Lice on an Inscribed Ivory Comb from Lachish" (PDF). Jerusalem Journal of Archaeology. Retrieved 2023-12-13.
- ^ "šnn / Semitic roots". The Free Dictionary. Farlex, Inc. Retrieved December 7, 2023.
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