šwj

Egyptian

Pronunciation

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /ʃuːi/
  • Conventional anglicization: shui

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) physically empty (+ m: of; to not physically contain)
2. (intransitive, of seats, litters, etc.) to be(come) unoccupied
3. (intransitive with m, usually of people) to be(come) deprived or dispossessed of (a thing or possession), whether legally or by robbery; to (come to) lack
4. (intransitive with m or occasionally transitive) to be(come) devoid of, free of (a quality, action, or abstraction, typically a negative one); also (usually negated) to stop doing (an action)
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 12–13:

     jnk šw ⟨m⟩ ḥꜣw

     I am free of exaggeration.

   • c. 1900 BCE, The Instructions of Kagemni (pPrisse/pBN 183) lines 1.10–1.11:

     jr šww m srḫ n t nj sḫm.n mdt nbt jm.f

     As for one who is free of notoriety regarding bread, no word can take control of him.

5. (intransitive with m, of people, always negated) to be rid of (a person) [Pyramid Texts]
6. (intransitive with m, of limbs, always negated) to lack (an associated god)
7. (intransitive) to be(come) absent, lacking, unavailable, missing (+ m: from)
8. (intransitive) to be(come) lacking in sufficient quantities, deficient, not enough
9. (intransitive with r) to remove or distance oneself from

Inflection

Conjugation of šwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: šw

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
šwt, šwj	šww, šw	šwt, šwwt, šwyt	šw	šw, šwy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
šw8	ḥr šwt, ḥr šwj	m šwt, m šwj	r šwt, r šwj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	šw.n	consecutive	šw.jn
terminative	šwt, šwyt
perfective3	šw	obligative1	šw.ḫr
imperfective	šw, šwy
prospective3	šww, šw, šwy	potentialis1	šw.kꜣ
subjunctive	šw, šwy

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	šw.n	—	—
perfective	šww1, šwy, šw	šw	šwy, šw
imperfective	šw, šwy, šww5	šw, šwj6, šwy6	šw, šww5
prospective	šww1, šwy, šw, šwtj7	šwwtj1 4, šwtj4, šwt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šwj  

šwj	šwj	šwj	šwj	šwj
[since the Pyramid Texts]	[Old Kingdom]	[since the Old Kingdom]	[since the Middle Kingdom]	[since the 19th Dynasty]

Antonyms

• mḥ

Derived terms

• sšwj
• šw

Descendants

• ⇒ Coptic: ϣⲟⲩⲉⲓⲧ (šoueit)

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive, in religious texts) to rise, to ascend (+ r: to (the sky)) [chiefly Pyramid Texts]
2. (intransitive, in religious texts) to raise (someone’s arm) (+ r: to (the sky)) [chiefly Pyramid Texts]

Inflection

Conjugation of šwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: šw

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
šwt, šwj	šww, šw	šwt, šwwt, šwyt	šw	šw, šwy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
šw8	ḥr šwt, ḥr šwj	m šwt, m šwj	r šwt, r šwj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	šw.n	consecutive	šw.jn
terminative	šwt, šwyt
perfective3	šw	obligative1	šw.ḫr
imperfective	šw, šwy
prospective3	šww, šw, šwy	potentialis1	šw.kꜣ
subjunctive	šw, šwy

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	šw.n	—	—
perfective	šww1, šwy, šw	šw	šwy, šw
imperfective	šw, šwy, šww5	šw, šwj6, šwy6	šw, šww5
prospective	šww1, šwy, šw, šwtj7	šwwtj1 4, šwtj4, šwt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šwj  

šwj	šwj	šwj
	[Late Period]	[Late Period]

Verb

 3ae inf.

1. (intransitive) to be(come) dry, to dry up [since the Medical papyri]

Inflection

Conjugation of šwj (third weak / 3ae inf. / III. inf.) — base stem: šw

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
šwt, šwj	šww, šw	šwt, šwwt, šwyt	šw	šw, šwy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
šw8	ḥr šwt, ḥr šwj	m šwt, m šwj	r šwt, r šwj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	šw.n	consecutive	šw.jn
terminative	šwt, šwyt
perfective3	šw	obligative1	šw.ḫr
imperfective	šw, šwy
prospective3	šww, šw, šwy	potentialis1	šw.kꜣ
subjunctive	šw, šwy

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	šw.n	—	—
perfective	šww1, šwy, šw	šw	šwy, šw
imperfective	šw, šwy, šww5	šw, šwj6, šwy6	šw, šww5
prospective	šww1, šwy, šw, šwtj7	šwwtj1 4, šwtj4, šwt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine. Third-person masculine statives of this class often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šwj  

šwj	šwj	šwj	šwj	šwj	šwj	šwj	šwj
		[Medical papyri]	[Medical papyri]	[Medical papyri]	[18th Dynasty]	[Late Period]	[Greco-Roman Period]
usual form	usual form					sporadic

Derived terms

• šww

Descendants

• Akhmimic Coptic: ϣⲉⲩⲉ (šeue)
• Bohairic Coptic: ϣⲱⲟⲩⲓ (šōoui)
• Fayyumic Coptic: ϣⲁⲩⲉⲓ (šauei)
• Lycopolitan Coptic: ϣⲁⲩⲉⲓⲉ (šaueie)
• Sahidic Coptic: ϣⲟⲟⲩⲉ (šooue)

Verb

 caus. 3ae inf.

1. Alternative form of sšwj (“to empty”) [Late Egyptian and Greco-Roman Period]

Inflection

Conjugation of šwj (causative third weak / caus. 3ae inf. / caus. III. inf.) — base stem: šw, geminated stem: šww

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
šwt, šwj	šww, šw	šwt, šwwt, šwyt	šw	šw, šwy

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
šw	ḥr šwt, ḥr šwj	m šwt, m šwj	r šwt, r šwj

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	passive	contingent
			aspect / mood	active	passive
perfect	šw.n	šww, šw, šwy	consecutive	šw.jn	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative	šwt
perfective3	šw	active + .tj1, .tw2	obligative1	šw.ḫr	active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective	šw, šwy	active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3	šww, šw, šwy	šww, šw, šwy	potentialis1	šw.kꜣ	active + .tj1, .tw2
		active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive	šw, šwy	active + .tj1, .tw2

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms		participles
	active	passive	active	passive
perfect	šw.n	active + .tj1, .tw2	—	—
perfective	šww1, šwy, šw	active + .tj1, .tw2	šw	šwy, šw
imperfective	šww, šwwy, šwww5	active + .tj1, .tw2	šww, šwwj6, šwwy6	šww, šwww5
prospective	šww1, šwy, šw, šwtj7	—	šwwtj1 4, šwtj4, šwt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Only in the masculine singular. Only in the masculine. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of šwj  

šwj	šwj	šwj
		[Greco-Roman Period]

References

• “šwi̯ (lemma ID 152670)”, “šwi̯ (lemma ID 153030)”, and “šwi̯ (lemma ID 152720)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1930) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 4, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 426.6–427.19, 429.5–429.14, 431.14–431.16
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 263
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 148, 208.