幾
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See also: 几
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]幾 (Kangxi radical 52, 幺+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 女戈竹戈 (VIHI), four-corner 22253, composition ⿻⿻𢆶戈人(G) or ⿹⿻𢆶戈人(HTJK))
Derived characters
[edit]- 僟, 嘰, 㙨, 𡡤, 𡼠, 𢡧, 𢴰, 𨗂, 𣊉, 機, 𣰈, 璣, 𦠄, 禨, 磯, 穖, 𧝞, 𥼘, 𬘁, 𦏑, 耭, 蟣, 譏, 䟇, 䤒, 鐖, 鞿, 饑, 𩦋, 魕, 𧰙, 𪅹, 𪙧
- 𠟣, 𢇓, 𢇒, 㡮, 𧗓, 𩴪, 畿, 𧗒, 𦺬, 𥳏
Descendants
[edit]- き (Hiragana character derived from Man'yōgana)
- キ (Katakana character derived from Man'yōgana)
- 𛀤
- 𛀥
Related characters
[edit]- 几 (In simplified Chinese)
Usage notes
[edit]In standards of Hong Kong, Japan and Taiwan, the 人 component in the lower left of 幾 touches but does not cross the horizontal stroke in the 戈 component. In standard of Mainland China, the top of the 人 component crosses over the horizontal stroke in the 戈 component.
References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 342, character 14
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 9208
- Dae Jaweon: page 652, character 3
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1095, character 8
- Unihan data for U+5E7E
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 幾 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 几* | |
alternative forms | 㡬 𢆻 𢆼 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 幾 | ||
---|---|---|
Western Zhou | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) | Liushutong (compiled in Ming) |
Bronze inscriptions | Small seal script | Transcribed ancient scripts |
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Ideogrammic compound (會意/会意) : 𢆶 (“silk threads; little things”) + 戍 (“to guard against”) – watching over the fine details.
Note that the simplified form 几 (OC *krilʔ, “small table”) is also a traditional character on its own.
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): kí
- Eastern Min (BUC): gūi / gī
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 5ci
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jǐ
- Wade–Giles: chi3
- Yale: jǐ
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jii
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi²¹⁴/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: җи (ži, II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gei2
- Yale: géi
- Cantonese Pinyin: gei2
- Guangdong Romanization: géi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kei̯³⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: gei2 / gi2
- Sinological IPA (key): /kei⁵⁵/, /ki⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: kí
- Hakka Romanization System: giˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: gi3
- Sinological IPA: /ki³¹/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gūi / gī
- Sinological IPA (key): /kui³³/, /ki³³/
- (Fuzhou)
Note:
- gūi - vernacular;
- gī - literary.
Note:
- kúi - vernacular;
- kí - literary.
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: gui2 / gi1 / gua3
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: kúi / ki / kuà
- Sinological IPA (key): /kui⁵²/, /ki³³/, /kua²¹³/
Note:
- gui2 - vernacular;
- gi1 - literary;
- gua3 - variant.
- Middle Chinese: kj+jX
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kəjʔ/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kɯlʔ/
Definitions
[edit]幾
- how much; how many
- (of number, time, date) what; which
- a few; some; several
- (of numeral amounts) some; something; odd
- (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Pinghua) how; how much
- (dialectal Mandarin, Cantonese, Gan, Hakka, Pinghua, Xiang) how; so; such
- (Cantonese) quite; rather; really; very; pretty
- 嗰時我媽媽就要一支支噉啲衣裳竹呢,就掛住啲衫要用佢插落去。幾辛苦㗎,有事會跌啲竹落街㗎。 [Cantonese, trad.]
- From: [2]
- go2 si4 ngo5 maa1-4 maa1 zau6 jiu3 jat1 zi1 zi1 gam2 di1 ji1 soeng4 zuk1 ne1, zau6 gwaa3 zyu6 di1 saam1 jiu3 jung6 keoi5 caap3 lok6 heoi3. gei2 san1 fu2 gaa3, jau5 si6 wui5 dit3 di1 zuk1 lok6 gaai1 gaa3. [Jyutping]
- My mother used to take bamboo poles like those, hang clothes on them and poke them down. It was rather difficult, and sometimes they would fall into the street.
嗰时我妈妈就要一支支噉啲衣裳竹呢,就挂住啲衫要用佢插落去。几辛苦㗎,有事会跌啲竹落街㗎。 [Cantonese, simp.]
Synonyms
[edit]Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Classical Chinese | 何等, 何其, 一何, 何哉, 何等也, 何則 | |
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) | 多麼, 何等, 何其 | |
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 多麼, 多 |
Taiwan | 多麼, 多 | |
Malaysia | 多 | |
Singapore | 多麼, 多 | |
Jilu Mandarin | Jinan | 多麼, 多 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Xi'an | 多 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Chengdu | 好, 多 |
Wuhan | 幾, 幾樣, 好 | |
Guilin | 好 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Yangzhou | 多 |
Hefei | 好 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 幾, 幾咁 |
Hong Kong | 幾, 幾咁 | |
Yangjiang | 幾 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 幾 |
Hakka | Meixian | 幾 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 多麼, 多來 |
Northern Min | Jian'ou | 幾多 |
Eastern Min | Fuzhou | 若夥, 若 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 偌, 偌爾仔, 活, 活欲 |
Quanzhou | 偌, 活, 活欲 | |
Zhangzhou | 偌, 偌爾仔, 偌仔爾, 活, 活欲 | |
Taipei | 偌爾, 偌仔爾 | |
Kaohsiung | 偌爾, 偌仔爾 | |
Penang (Hokkien) | 偌 | |
Singapore (Hokkien) | 偌 | |
Manila (Hokkien) | 偌 | |
Chaozhou | 若 | |
Singapore (Teochew) | 若 | |
Zhongshan Min | Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) | 幾 |
Wu | Shanghai | 多少, 幾化 |
Suzhou | 幾化 | |
Wenzhou | 幾倈, 幾恁 | |
Xiang | Changsha | 幾, 幾多, 好 |
Shuangfeng | 幾, 好 |
Compounds
[edit]- 不多幾日/不多几日
- 不消幾日/不消几日
- 不知凡幾/不知凡几 (bùzhīfánjǐ)
- 吃幾碗乾飯/吃几碗干饭
- 寥寥無幾/寥寥无几 (liáoliáowújǐ)
- 巴布亞紐幾內亞/巴布亚纽几内亚
- 年幾/年几
- 幾位/几位 (jǐ wèi)
- 幾何/几何 (jǐhé)
- 幾何圖形/几何图形 (jǐhé túxíng)
- 幾何圖案/几何图案
- 幾何學/几何学 (jǐhéxué)
- 幾何級數/几何级数 (jǐhé jíshù)
- 幾個/几个 (jǐgè)
- 幾兒/几儿
- 幾兒個/几儿个
- 幾內亞/几内亚
- 幾內亞比索/几内亚比索 (Jǐnèiyà Bǐsuǒ)
- 幾化/几化
- 幾回/几回
- 幾回價/几回价
- 幾多/几多 (jǐduō)
- 幾家/几家
- 幾家歡樂幾家愁/几家欢乐几家愁 (jǐ jiā huānlè jǐ jiā chóu)
- 幾度春風/几度春风
- 幾斤幾兩/几斤几两 (jǐjīnjǐliǎng)
- 幾時/几时 (jǐshí)
- 幾曾/几曾 (jǐcéng)
- 幾樣/几样
- 幾次/几次
- 幾次三番/几次三番
- 幾歲/几岁 (jǐsuì)
- 幾番/几番 (jǐfān)
- 幾番家/几番家
- 幾眾/几众
- 幾能勾/几能勾
- 幾般/几般
- 幾若/几若 (Min Nan)
- 幾許/几许 (jǐxǔ)
- 所剩無幾/所剩无几 (suǒshèngwújǐ)
- 新幾內亞/新几内亚
- 春秋幾何/春秋几何
- 曾幾何時/曾几何时 (céngjǐhéshí)
- 未幾/未几 (wèijǐ)
- 歐幾里得/欧几里得
- 無幾/无几 (wújǐ)
- 相交滿天下,知心能幾人/相交满天下,知心能几人
- 相去無幾/相去无几
- 相差無幾/相差无几
- 立體幾何/立体几何 (lìtǐ jǐhé)
- 老幾/老几 (lǎojǐ)
- 解析幾何/解析几何 (jiěxī jǐhé)
- 赤道幾內亞/赤道几内亚
Descendants
[edit]Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): gei1
- Eastern Min (BUC): gĭ
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 1ci
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ji
- Wade–Giles: chi1
- Yale: jī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gei1
- Yale: gēi
- Cantonese Pinyin: gei1
- Guangdong Romanization: géi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kei̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Middle Chinese: kj+j
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*kəj/
- (Zhengzhang): /*kɯl/
Definitions
[edit]幾
- (obsolete) fine; slight; minute
- (obsolete) dangerous
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 機/机 (jī, “governmental affairs”)
- (obsolete) symptom of a trend; omen
- almost; nearly
- 公大笑曰:「今日幾為小賊所困乎!」 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
- From: Biography of Cao Man annotation in Records of the Three Kingdoms vol. 1
- Gōng dàxiào yuē: “Jīnrì jǐ wèi xiǎo zéi suǒ kùn hū!” [Pinyin]
- The lord [Cao Cao] laughed out loud and said: "Today I was almost trapped by that little bandit [Ma Chao]!"
公大笑曰:「今日几为小贼所困乎!」 [Classical Chinese, simp.]- 資產階級頑固派完全不知道歷史的變化,其知識的貧乏幾等於零。 [MSC, trad.]
- From: 1940, 毛澤東 (Mao Zedong), 《新民主主義論》 (On New Democracy), 《毛澤東選集》. English translation based on the Foreign Languages Press edition
- Zīchǎnjiējí wángùpài wánquán bù zhīdào lìshǐ de biànhuà, qí zhīshi de pínfá jī děngyú líng. [Pinyin]
- The bourgeois die-hards have no understanding whatsoever of historical change; their knowledge is so poor that it is practically nonexistent.
资产阶级顽固派完全不知道历史的变化,其知识的贫乏几等于零。 [MSC, simp.]
Compounds
[edit]Pronunciation 3
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ji
- Wade–Giles: chi1
- Yale: jī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: gei1
- Yale: gēi
- Cantonese Pinyin: gei1
- Guangdong Romanization: géi1
- Sinological IPA (key): /kei̯⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: gĭ
- Sinological IPA (key): /ki⁵⁵/
- (Fuzhou)
- Middle Chinese: gj+j
- Old Chinese
- (Zhengzhang): /*ɡɯl/
Definitions
[edit]幾
Compounds
[edit]Pronunciation 4
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: jì
- Wade–Giles: chi4
- Yale: jì
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jih
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
Definitions
[edit]幾
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 冀 (jì, “to hope; to look forward to”)
- (obsolete) Alternative form of 紀/纪 (“age; year”)
Further reading
[edit]- “Entry #8349”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwan Minnan] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]幾
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: け (ke)
- Kan-on: き (ki, Jōyō)
- Kun: いく (iku, 幾, Jōyō); いくつ (ikutsu, 幾つ); いくら (ikura, 幾ら); ほとんど (hotondo, 幾ど); きざし (kizashi, 幾し); こいねがう (koinegau, 幾う)←こひねがふ (kofinegafu, 幾ふ, historical)
- Nanori: い (i); く (ku)
Compounds
[edit]- 幾程 (ikuhodo, “how many, how much”)
- 幾つ (ikutsu, “how old”)
- 幾ら (ikura, “how many”)
- 幾人 (ikunin), 幾人 (ikutaru, “number of people”)
- 幾何 (kika), 幾何 (ikubaku, “geometry”)
- 幾何学 (kikagaku, “geometry (study of)”)
- 幾夜 (ikuyo, “number of nights”)
- 幾夜も (ikuyo mo, “for several nights”)
- 幾分 (ikubun, “partially”)
- 幾千 (ikusen, “thousands”)
- 幾日 (ikunichi, “how many days”)
- 幾日も (ikunichi mo, “for some days”)
- 幾度 (ikudo), 幾度 (ikutabi, “how often”)
- 幾度も (ikudo mo, “frequently”)
- 幾許 (ikubaku, “how much”)
- 幾許も無く (ikubaku mo naku, “before long”)
Etymology
[edit]Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *eku.
Noun
[edit]Prefix
[edit]- how many, how much
- 幾箱要りますか。
- Iku-hako irimasu ka.
- How many boxes do you want?
- 幾箱要りますか。
- some, several, having an indefinite number or quantity
- 幾千と云う人
- iku-sen to iu hito
- several thousand people
- 幾千と云う人
- some, many, having a considerable number
- 幾日も行っていた。
- Iku-nichi mo itte ita.
- I was gone for many days.
- 幾日も行っていた。
References
[edit]- ^ “幾”, in 漢字ぺディア [Kanjipedia][1] (in Japanese), The Japan Kanji Aptitude Testing Foundation, 2015–2024
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]幾: Hán Nôm readings: cơ, kỉ, ki
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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