畜
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]畜 (Kangxi radical 102, 田+5, 10 strokes, cangjie input 卜女戈田 (YVIW), four-corner 00603, composition ⿱玄田)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 761, character 12
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 21814
- Dae Jaweon: page 1171, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2538, character 4
- Unihan data for U+755C
Chinese
[edit]simp. and trad. |
畜 | |
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alternative forms |
Glyph origin
[edit]Historical forms of the character 畜 | |||
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Shang | Western Zhou | Warring States | Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) |
Oracle bone script | Bronze inscriptions | Chu slip and silk script | Small seal script |
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Pictogram (象形) : 玄 (“rope tying the bag of feed”) + 田 (“bag of feed”) – a bag of feed, hence livestock.
Alternatively, 玄 (“rope”) + 田 or 囿 (“pen; fold; enclosure”) – tying animals and raising them in the enclosure.
Etymology
[edit]“To raise; to rear (an animal)” (*–k) > “domesticated animal; livestock” (*–k–s, exopassive: “what has been raised”). The various pronunciations in Old and Middle Chinese have been confused or merged in many extant dialects.
Etymology unknown. Probably from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *hu (“to be born; birth; to rear”), and thus may be related to 好 (OC *qʰuːʔ, *qʰuːs, “good; to like”) (Matisoff). Alternatively, from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *kruŋ (“to live; alive; to be born; to give birth; green; sprout”), whence Tibetan འཁྲུང ('khrung, “to be born; to arise; to sprout”) (Schuessler, 2007).
Zhengzhang (2015) relates Tibetan ལུག (lug, “sheep”) to this word; this would be parallel to 羊 (OC *laŋ, “sheep”) ?~ 養 (OC *laŋʔ, *laŋs, “to rear”) (Sagart, 1999). In Sagart (1999), 畜 is related to 育 (OC *luɡ, “to nourish”) and 鞠 (OC *kuɡ, *kʰuɡ, *ɡuɡ, “to rear”).
Pronunciation 1
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cuk1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): hiuk
- Eastern Min (BUC): hé̤ṳk
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): hiok / thiok
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7shioq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄒㄩˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: syù
- Wade–Giles: hsü4
- Yale: syù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shiuh
- Palladius: сюй (sjuj)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ɕy⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cuk1
- Yale: chūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsuk7
- Guangdong Romanization: cug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: hiuk
- Hakka Romanization System: hiugˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: hiug5
- Sinological IPA: /hi̯uk̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hé̤ṳk
- Sinological IPA (key): /høyʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- Wu
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 畜 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰu²⁴/ 牲~ /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵³/ ~牲 | |
Tianjin | /ɕy⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /ɕy²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ɕy²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /ɕy²¹/ | |
Xining | /ɕy⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ɕy¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ɕy¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ɕy²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /ɕiəu²¹³/ ~牧 | |
Chengdu | /ɕyo³¹/ /ɕy³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡sʰu²¹/ ~牲 /ɕiu²¹/ 牲~ | |
Kunming | /ɕiu³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ʂuʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /ɕyəʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕyəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /ɕyʌʔ¹³/ ~牧業 /t͡sʰuʌʔ¹³/ ~牲 | |
Hohhot | /ɕyəʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɕioʔ⁵/ |
Suzhou | /ɕioʔ⁵/ ~牧 /t͡sʰoʔ⁵/ ~牲 | |
Hangzhou | /t͡sʰoʔ⁵/ ~牲 /ɕioʔ⁵/ ~牧 | |
Wenzhou | /ɕɤu²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ɕiuʔ²¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰiu⁵/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ɕiəu²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /ɕiəɯ²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiuʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /hiuk̚¹/ |
Taoyuan | /hiuk̚²²/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰok̚⁵/ |
Nanning | /t͡sʰuk̚⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /t͡sʰok̚⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hiɔk̚³²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /høyʔ²³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tʰy²⁴/ /xy²⁴/ 新 | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /tʰiok̚²/ /tʰek̚²/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /sok̚⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: xjuwk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰuk/, /*qʰ<r>uk/
- (Zhengzhang): /*hluɡ/
Definitions
[edit]畜
- to nourish; to raise; to rear
- to bring up; to nurture; to foster; to cultivate
- † to submit; to obey; to comply
- † to tolerate; to allow
- † to keep; to house; to collect
- † Alternative form of 蓄 (xù, “to store up; to accumulate”)
- † Alternative form of 慉 (“to like”)
- (dialectal, of a smell) to irritate one's respiratory organs
- a surname
Synonyms
[edit]Compounds
[edit]Pronunciation 2
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese (Jyutping): cuk1
- Hakka (Sixian, PFS): chhuk / hiuk
- Eastern Min (BUC): hé̤ṳk
- Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): thiok / hiok / thek / thiak
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7tshoq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄔㄨˋ
- Tongyong Pinyin: chù
- Wade–Giles: chʻu4
- Yale: chù
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: chuh
- Palladius: чу (ču)
- Sinological IPA (key): /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: cuk1
- Yale: chūk
- Cantonese Pinyin: tsuk7
- Guangdong Romanization: cug1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sʰʊk̚⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chhuk / hiuk
- Hakka Romanization System: cugˋ / hiugˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: cug5 / hiug5
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sʰuk̚²/, /hi̯uk̚²/
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: hé̤ṳk
- Sinological IPA (key): /høyʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiok
- Tâi-lô: thiok
- Phofsit Daibuun: tiog
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiɔk̚⁵/
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰiɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: hiok
- Tâi-lô: hiok
- Phofsit Daibuun: hiog
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /hiɔk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, General Taiwanese)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thek
- Tâi-lô: thik
- Phofsit Daibuun: teg
- IPA (Xiamen, Taipei, Kaohsiung): /tʰiɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: thiak
- Tâi-lô: thiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: tiag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /tʰiak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, General Taiwanese)
- thiok/hiok - literary;
- thek/thiak - vernacular.
- Dialectal data
Variety | Location | 畜 |
---|---|---|
Mandarin | Beijing | /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵¹/ |
Harbin | /ʈ͡ʂʰu²⁴/ 牲~ /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵³/ ~牲 | |
Tianjin | /ɕy⁵³/ | |
Jinan | /ɕy²¹³/ | |
Qingdao | /ʈ͡ʂʰu⁵⁵/ | |
Zhengzhou | /ɕy²⁴/ | |
Xi'an | /ɕy²¹/ | |
Xining | /ɕy⁴⁴/ | |
Yinchuan | /ɕy¹³/ | |
Lanzhou | /ɕy¹³/ | |
Ürümqi | /ɕy²¹³/ | |
Wuhan | /ɕiəu²¹³/ ~牧 | |
Chengdu | /ɕyo³¹/ /ɕy³¹/ | |
Guiyang | /t͡sʰu²¹/ ~牲 /ɕiu²¹/ 牲~ | |
Kunming | /ɕiu³¹/ | |
Nanjing | /ʂuʔ⁵/ | |
Hefei | /ɕyəʔ⁵/ | |
Jin | Taiyuan | /ɕyəʔ²/ |
Pingyao | /ɕyʌʔ¹³/ ~牧業 /t͡sʰuʌʔ¹³/ ~牲 | |
Hohhot | /ɕyəʔ⁴³/ | |
Wu | Shanghai | /ɕioʔ⁵/ |
Suzhou | /ɕioʔ⁵/ ~牧 /t͡sʰoʔ⁵/ ~牲 | |
Hangzhou | /t͡sʰoʔ⁵/ ~牲 /ɕioʔ⁵/ ~牧 | |
Wenzhou | /ɕɤu²¹³/ | |
Hui | Shexian | /ɕiuʔ²¹/ |
Tunxi | /t͡ɕʰiu⁵/ | |
Xiang | Changsha | /ɕiəu²⁴/ |
Xiangtan | /ɕiəɯ²⁴/ | |
Gan | Nanchang | /ɕiuʔ⁵/ |
Hakka | Meixian | /hiuk̚¹/ |
Taoyuan | /hiuk̚²²/ | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | /t͡sʰok̚⁵/ |
Nanning | /t͡sʰuk̚⁵⁵/ | |
Hong Kong | /t͡sʰok̚⁵/ | |
Min | Xiamen (Hokkien) | /hiɔk̚³²/ |
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) | /høyʔ²³/ | |
Jian'ou (Northern Min) | /tʰy²⁴/ /xy²⁴/ 新 | |
Shantou (Teochew) | /tʰiok̚²/ /tʰek̚²/ | |
Haikou (Hainanese) | /sok̚⁵/ |
- Middle Chinese: trhjuwH, xjuwH, trhjuwk
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*qʰ<r>uk-s/, /*qʰuk-s/
- (Zhengzhang): /*l̥ʰuɡs/, /*l̥ʰuɡ/
Definitions
[edit]畜
- livestock; domesticated animal; farm animal
- 家畜 ― jiāchù ― domesticated animal
- creature; beast
- 畜生 ― chùshēng ― beast, brute
Compounds
[edit]References
[edit]- “畜”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]- livestock
- domestic fowl and animals
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: ちく (chiku, Jōyō); きく (kiku)
- Kan-on: ちく (chiku, Jōyō); きく (kiku)
- Kun: たくわえる (takuwaeru, 畜える); やしなう (yashinau, 畜う); かう (kau, 畜う)
Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]畜 • (chuk, hyuk) (hangeul 축, 휵, revised chuk, hyuk, McCune–Reischauer ch'uk, hyuk, Yale chwuk, hyuk)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
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Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]畜: Hán Nôm readings: súc, húc, sục
Noun
[edit]畜
References
[edit]- Thiều Chửu : Hán Việt Tự Điển Hà Nội 1942
- Trần Văn Chánh: Từ Điển Hán Việt NXB Trẻ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
- Vũ Văn Kính: Đại Tự Điển Chữ Nôm, NXB Văn Nghệ, Ho Chi Minh Ville, 1999
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