積
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See also: 积
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Translingual
[edit]Han character
[edit]積 (Kangxi radical 115, 禾+11, 16 strokes, cangjie input 竹木手一金 (HDQMC), four-corner 25986, composition ⿰禾責)
Derived characters
[edit]References
[edit]- Kangxi Dictionary: page 859, character 24
- Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 25266
- Dae Jaweon: page 1285, character 5
- Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2626, character 16
- Unihan data for U+7A4D
Chinese
[edit]trad. | 積 | |
---|---|---|
simp. | 积 | |
alternative forms | 𥢼 𥡯 |
Glyph origin
[edit]Old Chinese | |
---|---|
債 | *ʔsreːɡs, *ʔsreːɡ |
積 | *ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ |
刺 | *sʰeɡs, *sʰeɡ |
莿 | *sʰeːɡs, *raːds |
㓨 | *sʰeɡs |
朿 | *sʰeɡs |
漬 | *zeɡs |
耫 | *zraːd, *zreːɡ |
嘖 | *ʔsraːɡ, *ʔsreːɡ, *zreːɡ |
梀 | *sreːɡ, *sʰloːɡ, *sloːɡ, *l̥ʰoɡ |
捒 | *sreːɡ, *sroɡs, *sroɡs |
幘 | *ʔsreːɡ |
簀 | *ʔsreːɡ |
嫧 | *ʔsreːɡ, *sʰreːɡ, *sʰeɡ |
謮 | *ʔsreːɡ |
責 | *ʔsreːɡ |
皟 | *sʰreːɡ |
憡 | *sʰreːɡ |
策 | *sʰreːɡ |
筴 | *sʰreːɡ, *kreːb, *keːb |
拺 | *sʰreːɡ, *sreːɡ |
賾 | *zreːɡ |
鰿 | *zreːɡ, *ʔseɡ |
擌 | *sreːɡ |
蹟 | *ʔseɡ |
襀 | *ʔseɡ |
磧 | *sʰeɡ |
洓 | *sʰeɡ |
績 | *ʔseːɡ |
勣 | *ʔseːɡ |
樍 | *ʔseːɡ |
Phono-semantic compound (形聲/形声, OC *ʔseɡs, *ʔseɡ) : semantic 禾 + phonetic 責 (OC *ʔsreːɡ).
Etymology
[edit]- (to collect; to accumulate): Cognate with Tibetan རྩིག་པ (rtsig pa) (Schuessler, 2007).
- (jack; knave, to jack): From English jack.
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- Cantonese
- Hakka
- Eastern Min (BUC): cék
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 7ciq
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄐㄧ
- Tongyong Pinyin: ji
- Wade–Giles: chi1
- Yale: jī
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: ji
- Palladius: цзи (czi)
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡ɕi⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Jyutping: zik1
- Yale: jīk
- Cantonese Pinyin: dzik7
- Guangdong Romanization: jig1
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɪk̚⁵/
- (Taishanese, Taicheng)
- Wiktionary: det2
- Sinological IPA (key): /tet̚⁵⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
- Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: chit
- Hakka Romanization System: jidˋ
- Hagfa Pinyim: jid5
- Sinological IPA: /t͡sit̚²/
- (Meixian)
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: cék
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡sɛiʔ²⁴/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chek
- Tâi-lô: tsik
- Phofsit Daibuun: zeg
- IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /t͡siɪk̚³²/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chiak
- Tâi-lô: tsiak
- Phofsit Daibuun: ciag
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡siak̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: chit
- Tâi-lô: tsit
- Phofsit Daibuun: cid
- IPA (Quanzhou): /t͡sit̚⁵/
- (Hokkien: General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
Note:
- chek - literary (“to accumulate; to store up; to suffer from indigestion”);
- chiak - literary (“to suffer from indigestion”);
- chit - vernacular (“to accumulate; to store up; to suffer from indigestion”).
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: zêh4 / zêg4
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tseh / tsek
- Sinological IPA (key): /t͡seʔ²/, /t͡sek̚²/
Note:
- zêh4 - vernacular;
- zêg4 - literary.
- Middle Chinese: tsjek, tsjeH
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*[ts]ek/
- (Zhengzhang): /*ʔseɡ/, /*ʔseɡs/
Definitions
[edit]積
- to store up crops; to store cereal crops
- to accumulate; to amass; to store; to gather
- to hold in store; to store up (for future use); to be latent
- to stagnate; to become stagnant
- to add up; to sum up to
- accumulated goods
- (traditional Chinese medicine) indigestion
- (mathematics) Short for 乘積/乘积 (chéngjī, “product (in a multiplication)”).
- long-standing; long
- habitual; inveterate
- sixtieth (60th) tetragram of the Taixuanjing; "accumulation" (𝍁)
- (Cantonese, card games) jack; knave (Classifier: 隻/只 c)
- (Cantonese) Alternative form of 唧 (“jack; to jack”)
- (Hokkien) to suffer from indigestion (of children)
- 食積/食积 [Hokkien] ― si̍t-chek [Pe̍h-ōe-jī] ― to suffer from indigestion
- (archaic) Alternative form of 漬/渍 (zì, “to soak”)
- (archaic) Alternative form of 績/绩 (jì, “achivement”)
- (archaic) Alternative form of 迹 (jì, “movement”)
Synonyms
[edit]- (jack):
Variety | Location | Words |
---|---|---|
Northeastern Mandarin | Beijing | 鉤兒 |
Central Plains Mandarin | Luoyang | 鉤, 十一 |
Zhengzhou | 鉤, 十一 | |
Xi'an | 丁子 | |
Xuzhou | 丁鉤兒, 甲鉤兒 | |
Lanyin Mandarin | Ürümqi | 丁鉤兒 |
Southwestern Mandarin | Wuhan | 鉤子, 鉤, 鉤鉤, 孫子 |
Guiyang | 鉤鉤, 鉤, 夾鉤 | |
Liuzhou | 歐 | |
Jianghuai Mandarin | Nanjing | 丁鉤 |
Yangzhou | 茄鉤, 傑鉤 | |
Cantonese | Guangzhou | 積 |
Hong Kong | 積 | |
Taishan | 積 | |
Wuzhou | 積 | |
Yulin | 鉤 | |
Gan | Nanchang | 鉤 |
Lichuan | 鉤子 | |
Pingxiang | 鉤子, 鉤 | |
Hakka | Yudu | 鉤子 |
Huizhou | Jixi | 丁鉤 |
Jin | Taiyuan | 鉤子 |
Southern Min | Xiamen | 丁 |
Shantou | 丁 | |
Puning | 丁 | |
Wu | Shanghai | 茄勾 |
Shanghai (Chongming) | 斜鉤 | |
Suzhou | 茄杠 |
Compounds
[edit]- 一積/一积
- 乘積/乘积 (chéngjī)
- 交積/交积
- 儲積/储积
- 儹積/𰃆积
- 公積金/公积金 (gōngjījīn)
- 卷積雲/卷积云 (juǎnjīyún)
- 厝火積薪/厝火积薪 (cuòhuǒjīxīn)
- 囊螢積雪/囊萤积雪
- 囤積/囤积 (túnjī)
- 囤積居奇/囤积居奇 (túnjījūqí)
- 地積/地积
- 垛積/垛积
- 堆積/堆积 (duījī)
- 堆積如山/堆积如山 (duījīrúshān)
- 堆積平原/堆积平原
- 堆金積玉/堆金积玉
- 奶積/奶积
- 委積/委积
- 容積/容积 (róngjī)
- 容積率/容积率
- 寸積銖累/寸积铢累
- 居積/居积
- 層積法/层积法
- 層積雲/层积云 (céngjīyún)
- 屯積/屯积 (túnjī)
- 屯積居奇/屯积居奇 (túnjījūqí)
- 屯糧積草/屯粮积草
- 山積/山积 (shānjī)
- 峙積/峙积
- 微積分/微积分 (wēijīfēn)
- 惡積禍盈/恶积祸盈
- 招積/招积
- 捏積/捏积 (niējī)
- 日積月累/日积月累 (rìjīyuèlěi)
- 材積/材积 (cáijī)
- 沉積/沉积 (chénjī)
- 沖積/冲积 (chōngjī)
- 沉積作用/沉积作用
- 沖積層/冲积层
- 沉積岩/沉积岩 (chénjīyán)
- 沖積島/冲积岛
- 沖積平原/冲积平原 (chōngjī píngyuán)
- 沖積扇/冲积扇 (chōngjīshàn)
- 沉積物/沉积物 (chénjīwù)
- 洪積世/洪积世
- 洪積層/洪积层
- 海相沉積/海相沉积
- 海積/海积
- 淤積/淤积 (yūjī)
- 滯積/滞积
- 玄圃積玉/玄圃积玉
- 疳積/疳积 (gānjī)
- 痞積/痞积
- 發積/发积
- 盈積/盈积
- 眾望所積/众望所积
- 禍因惡積/祸因恶积
- 積不相容/积不相容
- 積不相能/积不相能 (jībùxiāngnéng)
- 積久/积久
- 積久弊生/积久弊生
- 積作/积作
- 積伶/积伶
- 積健為雄/积健为雄
- 積儲/积储 (jīchǔ)
- 積儹/积𰃆
- 積冰/积冰
- 積分/积分 (jīfēn)
- 積分學/积分学
- 積勞/积劳
- 積勞成疾/积劳成疾 (jīláochéngjí)
- 積勞成病/积劳成病
- 積厚流光/积厚流光
- 積古/积古
- 積善/积善 (jīshàn)
- 積善之家,必有餘慶/积善之家,必有余庆 (jīshàn zhī jiā, bì yǒu yúqìng)
- 積善餘慶/积善余庆
- 積土成山/积土成山
- 積垢/积垢
- 積壓/积压 (jīyā)
- 積壽/积寿
- 積威/积威
- 積存/积存 (jīcún)
- 積小成大/积小成大
- 積少成多/积少成多 (jīshǎochéngduō)
- 積年/积年 (jīnián)
- 積年累月/积年累月
- 積弊/积弊 (jībì)
- 積弱/积弱 (jīruò)
- 積弱不振/积弱不振
- 積微成著/积微成著
- 積德/积德 (jīdé)
- 積德累仁/积德累仁
- 積德累功/积德累功
- 積怨/积怨 (jīyuàn)
- 積怒/积怒
- 積惡/积恶 (jī'è)
- 積惡餘殃/积恶余殃
- 積慮/积虑
- 積憂成疾/积忧成疾
- 積憤/积愤
- 積攢/积攒 (jīzǎn)
- 積木/积木 (jīmù)
- 積案/积案 (jī'àn)
- 積案如山/积案如山
- 積極/积极 (jījí)
- 積極分子/积极分子 (jījí fènzǐ)
- 積極性/积极性 (jījíxìng)
- 積欠/积欠
- 積毀銷骨/积毁销骨
- 積水/积水 (jīshuǐ)
- 積水成淵/积水成渊
- 積沙成塔/积沙成塔
- 積泊/积泊
- 積淤/积淤
- 積滿/积满
- 積漸/积渐
- 積澱/积淀 (jīdiàn)
- 積玉堆金/积玉堆金
- 積玉橋/积玉桥 (Jīyùqiáo)
- 積理練識/积理练识
- 積甲山齊/积甲山齐
- 積祖/积祖
- 積穀/积谷
- 積穀防饑/积谷防饥 (jīgǔfángjī)
- 積素/积素
- 積累/积累 (jīlěi)
- 積累基金/积累基金
- 積羽沉舟/积羽沉舟
- 積習/积习 (jīxí)
- 積習成俗/积习成俗
- 積習成常/积习成常
- 積習生常/积习生常
- 積習難改/积习难改 (jīxínángǎi)
- 積聚/积聚 (jījù)
- 積肥/积肥 (jīféi)
- 積草屯糧/积草屯粮
- 積蓄/积蓄 (jīxù)
- 積薪厝火/积薪厝火
- 積蠹/积蠹
- 積衰新造/积衰新造
- 積裡漸裡/积里渐里
- 積貯/积贮 (jīzhù)
- 積賊/积贼
- 積趲/积趱
- 積重難返/积重难返 (jīzhòngnánfǎn)
- 積金累玉/积金累玉
- 積金至斗
- 積銖累寸/积铢累寸
- 積雨/积雨
- 積雨雲/积雨云 (jīyǔyún)
- 積雪/积雪 (jīxuě)
- 積雪囊螢/积雪囊萤
- 積雲/积云 (jīyún)
- 積非成是/积非成是 (jīfēichéngshì)
- 積願/积愿
- 積食/积食 (jīshí)
- 積餘/积余
- 積體電路/积体电路 (jītǐ diànlù)
- 積鬱/积郁 (jīyù)
- 積墨/积墨
- 累塊積蘇/累块积苏
- 累積/累积 (lěijī)
- 累積盈餘/累积盈余
- 練兵積粟/练兵积粟
- 老積/老积
- 老積年/老积年
- 聚積/聚积 (jùjī)
- 聚螢積雪/聚萤积雪
- 苦心積慮/苦心积虑
- 蓄積/蓄积 (xùjī)
- 處心積慮/处心积虑 (chǔxīnjīlǜ)
- 行好積德/行好积德
- 表面積/表面积 (biǎomiànjī)
- 襞積/襞积
- 貝積如山/贝积如山
- 貯積/贮积
- 銖積寸累/铢积寸累
- 陸相沉積/陆相沉积
- 面積/面积 (miànjī)
- 食積/食积
- 香積廚/香积厨
- 體積/体积 (tǐjī)
- 高積雲/高积云 (gāojīyún)
- 鬱積/郁积 (yùjī)
- 麥積山/麦积山
References
[edit]- “積”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–
- zi.tools
Japanese
[edit]Kanji
[edit]積
- volume
Readings
[edit]- Go-on: し (shi); しゃく (shaku)
- Kan-on: し (shi); せき (seki, Jōyō)
- Kan’yō-on: せき (seki, Jōyō)
- Kun: つむ (tsumu, 積む, Jōyō); つもる (tsumoru, 積もる, Jōyō)
Pronunciation
[edit]Kanji in this term |
---|
積 |
せき Grade: 4 |
on'yomi |
Noun
[edit]See also
[edit]Korean
[edit]Hanja
[edit]積 • (jeok, ja) (hangeul 적, 자, revised jeok, ja, McCune–Reischauer chŏk, cha, Yale cek, ca)
- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
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.
Vietnamese
[edit]Han character
[edit]- This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text
{{rfdef}}
.
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- Japanese kanji with kan'yōon reading せき
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