From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
Jump to navigation Jump to search
See also:
U+7D04, 約
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7D04

[U+7D03]
CJK Unified Ideographs
[U+7D05]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

(Kangxi radical 120, +3, 9 strokes, cangjie input 女火心戈 (VFPI) or 女火心一 (VFPM), four-corner 27920, composition )

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 915, character 21
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 27242
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1343, character 7
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3364, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+7D04

Chinese

[edit]
trad.
simp.
alternative forms 𪪊

Glyph origin

[edit]
Historical forms of the character
Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Chu slip and silk script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts

Phono-semantic compound (形聲形声, OC *ʔlewɢs, *ʔlewɢ) : semantic (rope) + phonetic (OC *pljewɢ, *bljewɢ).

Pronunciation 1

[edit]

Note: yāo - only the sense of “to weigh on a balance or scale”.
Note:
  • iók - literary;
  • ióh - vernacular.
Note:
  • iok/iak - literary;
  • ioh - vernacular.
Note:
  • iag4 - literary;
  • ioh4/iêh4 - vernacular.

  • Dialectal data
Variety Location
Mandarin Beijing /yɛ⁵⁵/
Harbin /iau⁴⁴/
/yɛ⁴⁴/
Tianjin /ye²¹/
Jinan /yə²¹³/
Qingdao /yə⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /yo²⁴/
Xi'an /yo²¹/
Xining /yu⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ye¹³/
Lanzhou /yə¹³/
Ürümqi /yɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /io²¹³/
Chengdu /yo³¹/
Guiyang /io²¹/
Kunming /io³¹/
Nanjing /ioʔ⁵/
Hefei /yɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /yəʔ²/
Pingyao /yʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /yaʔ⁴³/ 大~
/iɔ³¹/ ~一~
Wu Shanghai /iaʔ⁵/
Suzhou /iɑʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /ʔiɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /j̠a²¹³/
Hui Shexian /iɔʔ²¹/
Tunxi /io⁵/
Xiang Changsha /io²⁴/
Xiangtan /io²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /iɔʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /iok̚¹/
Taoyuan /ʒok̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jœk̚²/
Nanning /jœk̚³³/
Hong Kong /jœk̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iɔk̚³²/
/ioʔ³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /yɔʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /iɔ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /iak̚²/
/ioʔ²/
Haikou (Hainanese) /iɔk̚⁵/

Rime
Character
Reading # 2/2
Initial () (34)
Final () (107)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter 'jak
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔɨɐk̚/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔiɐk̚/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔiɑk̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔɨak̚/
Li
Rong
/ʔiak̚/
Wang
Li
/ĭak̚/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔi̯ak̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yue
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
joek3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yuē
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔjak ›
Old
Chinese
/*[q](r)ewk/
English bind (v.), make an agreement

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 2/2
No. 11201
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ʔlewɢ/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. to bundle up; to bind
  2. rope; cord
  3. to restrain; to limit; to keep under control
  4. to make an appointment; to arrange
  5. appointment; meeting; arrangement
  6. treaty; agreement; covenant; pact; contract
  7. to invite or ask in advance
    明天一起吃飯知道沒有時間 [MSC, trad.]
    明天一起吃饭知道没有时间 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ xiǎng yuē nǐ míngtiān yīqǐ qù chīfàn, bù zhīdào nǐ yǒu méiyǒu shíjiān. [Pinyin]
    I'd like to invite you out to have a meal tomorrow, if you have the time.
  8. to hinder; to block
  9. to save; to economise
  10. frugal; economical; thrifty
  11. brief; concise; succinct
  12. poor; humble; low-ranking
  13. (mathematics) to reduce (a fraction)
  14. to prepare; to equip
  15. to seek; to pursue
  16. to estimate; to approximate; to reckon
  17. (colloquial) to weigh (on a balance or scale)
  18. about; approximately
    220大卡220大卡  ―  yuē 220 dàkǎ  ―  Approximately 220 kilocalories.
  19. (Hong Kong, historical) district (of the City of Victoria)
    四環九四环九 [Cantonese]  ―  sei3 waan4 gau2 joek3 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  20. (Hong Kong, historical) pact, group of villages (clarification of this definition is needed)
    大埔大埔 [Cantonese]  ―  daai6 bou3 cat1 joek3 [Jyutping]  ―  the seven village groups of Tai Po

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic ():
  • Vietnamese: ước ()

Pronunciation 2

[edit]


Rime
Character
Reading # 1/2
Initial () (34)
Final () (91)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division () III
Fanqie
Baxter 'jiewH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang
/ʔiᴇuH/
Pan
Wuyun
/ʔiɛuH/
Shao
Rongfen
/ʔjæuH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank
/ʔiawH/
Li
Rong
/ʔiɛuH/
Wang
Li
/ĭɛuH/
Bernard
Karlgren
/ʔi̯ɛuH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex
yào
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex
jiu3
BaxterSagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin)
yào
Middle
Chinese
‹ ʔjiewH ›
Old
Chinese
/*[q]ewk-s/
English bond, agreement (n.)

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character
Reading # 1/2
No. 11181
Phonetic
component
Rime
group
Rime
subdivision
2
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese
/*ʔlewɢs/

Definitions

[edit]

  1. Alternative form of (yào, gist; essentials)

Pronunciation 3

[edit]

Definitions

[edit]

  1. cord for the string of a stringed instrument

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

  1. contract, promise
  2. to contract, to shorten
  3. approximately, roughly

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]


Kanji in this term
やく
Grade: 4
on'yomi

Pronunciation

[edit]

Adverb

[edit]

(やく) (yaku

  1. about, approximately
    (やく)(いっ)(げつ)
    yaku iggagetsu
    approximately one month
    宇宙(うちゅう)直径(ちょっけい)(やく) 930(きゅうひゃくさんじゅう)(おく)光年(こうねん)だ。
    Uchū no chokkei wa yaku kyūhyakusanjū-oku kōnen da.
    The diameter of the universe is some 93 billion light years.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  2. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN

Korean

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium. Particularly: “Middle Korean readings, if any”)

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

(eumhun 맺을 (maejeul yak))

  1. hanja form? of (contract, promise)
  2. hanja form? of (approximately, roughly)

Compounds

[edit]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Chữ Hán

[edit]

: Hán Việt readings: ước, yêu

  1. chữ Hán form of ước (contract, promise).
  2. chữ Hán form of ước (approximately, roughly).
  3. chữ Hán form of ước (to wish).