local
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Middle English local, from Late Latin locālis (“belonging to a place”), possibly also via Old French local; ultimately from Latin locus (“a place”).
The ring-theoretic senses derive from Krull, who first referred to Noetherian commutative rings with a unique maximal ideal as "Stellenring" (Stellen (“place”) + ring) in 1938.[1] The term was inspired by algebraic geometry, where local rings encode information about the behavior of curves (surfaces, etc.) at points; hence, describe "local" behavior.
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Received Pronunciation) IPA(key): /ˈləʊkl̩/
- (General American) enPR: lōk′əl, IPA(key): /ˈloʊkl̩/
Audio (US): (file) - Rhymes: -əʊkəl
Adjective
[edit]local (comparative more local, superlative most local)
- From or in a nearby location.
- 1918, W[illiam] B[abington] Maxwell, chapter XXII, in The Mirror and the Lamp, Indianapolis, Ind.: The Bobbs-Merrill Company, →OCLC:
- Not unnaturally, “Auntie” took this communication in bad part. […] Next day she […] tried to recover her ward by the hair of the head. Then, thwarted, the wretched creature went to the police for help; she was versed in the law, and had perhaps spared no pains to keep on good terms with the local constabulary.
- 2012 December 1, “An internet of airborne things”, in The Economist, volume 405, number 8813, page 3 (Technology Quarterly):
- A farmer could place an order for a new tractor part by text message and pay for it by mobile money-transfer. A supplier many miles away would then take the part to the local matternet station for airborne dispatch via drone.
- (computing, of a resource) Connected directly to a particular computer, processor, etc.; able to be accessed offline.
- Antonym: remote
- local disk drive
- local file
- The panel shows both local and remote sites.
- (computing, of a variable or identifier) Having limited scope (either lexical or dynamic); only accessible within a certain portion of a program.
- Antonym: global
- (mathematics, not comparable, of a condition or property) Applying to or satisfied by substructures understood as "near points;" in particular:
- (topology) Satisfied by at least one open neighborhood of every point.
- A Hausdorff space satisfying local compactness need not be (globally) compact!
- (topology) Satisfied by arbitrarily small open neighborhoods of every point.
- (group theory, of a property of an infinite group) Satisfied by every finitely generated subgroup.
- (topology) Satisfied by at least one open neighborhood of every point.
- (mathematics, not comparable, of a condition or property) Detectable from the behavior of substructures understood to be "near points;" in particular:
- (algebra, algebraic geometry, of a property of a ring (or an -module )) Such that the following conditions are equivalent: (1) holds for (); (2) holds for the localization () for all prime ideals of ; (3) holds for the localization () for all maximal ideals of .
- Flatness is a local property.
- (group theory, of a property of a finite group) Detectable from the behavior of the normalizers of the nontrivial p-subgroups.
- (algebra, algebraic geometry, of a property of a ring (or an -module )) Such that the following conditions are equivalent: (1) holds for (); (2) holds for the localization () for all prime ideals of ; (3) holds for the localization () for all maximal ideals of .
- (algebra, of a ring) Having a unique maximal (left) ideal.
- (medicine) Of or pertaining to a restricted part of an organism.
- Synonym: topical
- local lesion
- The patient didn't want to be sedated, so we applied only local anesthesia.
- Descended from an indigenous population.
- Hawaiian Pidgin is spoken by the local population.
Translations
[edit]
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Noun
[edit]local (plural locals)
- A person who lives near a given place.
- It's easy to tell the locals from the tourists.
- 2020 December 2, Paul Bigland, “My weirdest and wackiest Rover yet”, in Rail, page 66:
- Taunton station is busy - even more so when the inbound working of my Bristol train arrives, laden with the usual mix of 'staycationers' and locals.
- A branch of a nationwide organization such as a trade union.
- I'm in the TWU, too. Local 6.
- (rail transport) Clipping of local train.
- (British) One's nearest or regularly frequented public house or bar.
- I got barred from my local, so I've started going all the way into town for a drink.
- 2010, “Nothing”, in Science & Faith, performed by The Script:
- As they take me to my local down the street.
- (programming) A locally scoped identifier.
- Functional programming languages usually don't allow changing the immediate value of locals once they've been initialized, unless they're explicitly marked as being mutable.
- 2012, Cesar Otero, Rob Larsen, Professional jQuery, page 25:
- Globals are visible anywhere in your application, whereas locals are visible only in the function in which they're declared.
- (US, slang, journalism) An item of news relating to the place where the newspaper is published.
- (colloquial, medicine) Clipping of local anesthetic.
- 1989, Road House, page 39:
- Well, Mr. Dalton, you may add nine staples to your dossier of thirty‐one broken bones, two bullet wounds, nine puncture wounds and four steel screws. That’s an estimate, of course. I’ll give you a local.
- (finance) An independent trader who acts for themselves rather than on behalf of investors.
- Synonym: floor trader
- 2009, R. Stafford Johnson, Bond Evaluation, Selection, and Management, page 316:
- On most futures exchanges, there are two major types of futures traders/members: commission brokers and locals.
- (fandom slang, derogatory) A Twitter user who is not a part of Stan Twitter.
- 2018, Max Ghasserani, "Spill The Tea On A Sister Skinny Legend", The Investigator (Green Valley High School, Henderson, NV), October 2018, page 25:
- Her camera roll is filled with pictures and videos of her idol, she doesn't let any of her friends see her account because "no locals allowed", […]
- 2018 October 16, Fergal Smiddy, “The 6 Types of People You Meet on Twitter”, in University Express, University College Cork, Ireland, page 11:
- Locals are characterised by their seeming lack of involvement or ~expertise~ on the platform.
- 2019, Avin Abelardo, "Deep Dive Into The World Of Troll Twitter Memes", Echoes (University of the Philippines), February/March 2019, page 60:
- Heck, even locals sometimes use GIFs of her when they feel like tweeting with taste.
- For more quotations using this term, see Citations:local.
- 2018, Max Ghasserani, "Spill The Tea On A Sister Skinny Legend", The Investigator (Green Valley High School, Henderson, NV), October 2018, page 25:
Translations
[edit]
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Adverb
[edit]local (comparative more local, superlative most local)
- In the local area; within a city, state, country, etc.
- It's never been more important to buy local.
- 2016, Vinod K. Jain, Global Strategy: Competing in the Connected Economy, page 122:
- Coca-Cola, for example, shifted its stance, unsuccessfully, between “think global, act global” and “think local, act local” during the tenures of three different CEOs in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Derived terms
[edit]- all politics are local
- all politics is local
- ambilocal
- antilocal
- bilocal
- collocal
- duolocal
- equilocal
- extralocal
- glocal
- hyperlocal
- interlocal
- Kharchia local
- local administrative unit
- local anaesthetic
- local area network
- local attraction
- local authority
- local battery
- local board
- Local Bubble
- local cell
- local circuit
- local class
- local color
- local colour
- local derby
- local exchange carrier
- Local Fluff
- local gigantism
- local government
- Local Group
- local hero
- localhost
- Local Interstellar Cloud
- localise
- localish
- localism
- localist
- localite
- localitis
- locality
- localization
- localize
- local lane
- local loop
- locally
- local maximum
- local mean sidereal time
- local minimum
- localness
- local option
- local preacher
- local radio
- local ring
- local sidereal time
- local solar time
- local taxi
- local time
- Local Volume
- localvore
- locavore
- locsiton
- magnetic local time
- matrilocal
- matrilocality
- microlocal
- multilocal
- neolocal
- nonlocal
- patrilocal
- patrilocality
- plurilocal
- quasilocal
- semilocal
- supralocal
- translocal
- ultralocal
- unlocal
- virilocal
Related terms
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Krull, Wolfgang. "Dimensionstheorie in Stellenringen [47]". Volume 1+2, edited by Paulo Ribenboim, Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 1999, pp. 730-734. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110801026.730
Further reading
[edit]- “local”, in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam, 1913, →OCLC.
- “local”, in The Century Dictionary […], New York, N.Y.: The Century Co., 1911, →OCLC.
- “local”, in OneLook Dictionary Search.
Anagrams
[edit]Asturian
[edit]Adjective
[edit]local (epicene, plural locales)
- Alternative form of llocal
Catalan
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Late Latin locālis, from Latin locus. First attested in 1803.[1]
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]local m or f (masculine and feminine plural locals)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]local m (plural locals)
References
[edit]- ^ “local”, in Gran Diccionari de la Llengua Catalana, Grup Enciclopèdia Catalana, 2024
Further reading
[edit]- “local” in Diccionari de la llengua catalana, segona edició, Institut d’Estudis Catalans.
- “local” in Diccionari normatiu valencià, Acadèmia Valenciana de la Llengua.
- “local” in Diccionari català-valencià-balear, Antoni Maria Alcover and Francesc de Borja Moll, 1962.
Chinese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄌㄡ ㄎㄡˇ
- Tongyong Pinyin: loukǒu
- Wade–Giles: lou1-kʻou3
- Yale: lōu-kǒu
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lhoukoou
- Palladius: лоукоу (loukou)
- Sinological IPA (key): /loʊ̯⁵⁵ kʰoʊ̯²¹⁴⁻²¹⁽⁴⁾/
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: lou1 kou2
- Yale: lōu kóu
- Cantonese Pinyin: lou1 kou2
- Guangdong Romanization: lou1 kou2
- Sinological IPA (key): /lou̯⁵⁵ kʰou̯³⁵/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
Noun
[edit]local
- (Hong Kong Cantonese or overseas Mandarin) local (people, as opposed to foreigners)
References
[edit]Fala
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Late Latin locālis, from Latin locus.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]local (plural locais)
Noun
[edit]local m (plural locais)
References
[edit]- Valeš, Miroslav (2021) Diccionariu de A Fala: lagarteiru, mañegu, valverdeñu (web)[1], 2nd edition, Minde, Portugal: CIDLeS, published 2022, →ISBN
French
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Late Latin locālis, from Latin locus.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]local (feminine locale, masculine plural locaux, feminine plural locales)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]local m (plural locaux)
Descendants
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “local”, in Trésor de la langue française informatisé [Digitized Treasury of the French Language], 2012.
Anagrams
[edit]Galician
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Late Latin locālis, from Latin locus.
Adjective
[edit]local m or f (plural locais)
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]local m (plural locais)
References
[edit]- “local” in DIGALEGO - Dicionario de Galego, Ir Indo 2004, Xunta de Galicia 2013.
- “local”, in Dicionario da Real Academia Galega (in Galician), A Coruña: Royal Galician Academy, since 2012
- Antón Luís Santamarina Fernández, Ernesto Xosé González Seoane, María Álvarez de la Granja, editors (2003–2018), “local”, in Tesouro informatizado da lingua galega (in Galician), Santiago de Compostela: Instituto da Lingua Galega
Ladin
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]local m (feminine singular locala, masculine plural locai, feminine plural locales)
Lombard
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]local (plural locai)
Piedmontese
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]local
Noun
[edit]local m
Portuguese
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Late Latin locālis, from Latin locus. Cognate with the inherited lugar.
Pronunciation
[edit]
Adjective
[edit]local m or f (plural locais)
Noun
[edit]local m (plural locais)
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Romanian
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from French local, Late Latin localis. By surface analysis, loc + -al.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]local m or n (feminine singular locală, masculine plural locali, feminine and neuter plural locale)
Declension
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Spanish
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Borrowed from Late Latin locālis, from Latin locus. Compare the inherited doublet lugar.
Pronunciation
[edit]Adjective
[edit]local m or f (masculine and feminine plural locales)
Derived terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]local m (plural locales)
- premises, rooms
- (Mexico) store or other retail unit in a shopping center
Derived terms
[edit]Further reading
[edit]- “local”, in Diccionario de la lengua española, Vigésima tercera edición, Real Academia Española, 2014
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *stel-
- English terms inherited from Middle English
- English terms derived from Middle English
- English terms derived from Late Latin
- English terms derived from Old French
- English terms derived from Latin
- English 2-syllable words
- English terms with IPA pronunciation
- English terms with audio links
- Rhymes:English/əʊkəl
- Rhymes:English/əʊkəl/2 syllables
- English lemmas
- English adjectives
- English terms with usage examples
- English terms with quotations
- en:Computing
- English terms with collocations
- en:Mathematics
- en:Topology
- en:Group theory
- en:Algebra
- en:Algebraic geometry
- en:Medicine
- English nouns
- English countable nouns
- en:Rail transportation
- English clippings
- British English
- en:Programming
- American English
- English slang
- en:Mass media
- English colloquialisms
- en:Finance
- English fandom slang
- English derogatory terms
- English adverbs
- en:People
- en:Twitter
- Asturian lemmas
- Asturian adjectives
- Catalan terms borrowed from Late Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Late Latin
- Catalan terms derived from Latin
- Catalan terms with IPA pronunciation
- Catalan lemmas
- Catalan adjectives
- Catalan epicene adjectives
- Catalan nouns
- Catalan countable nouns
- Catalan masculine nouns
- Cantonese terms borrowed from English
- Cantonese terms derived from English
- Chinese lemmas
- Mandarin lemmas
- Cantonese lemmas
- Chinese nouns
- Mandarin nouns
- Cantonese nouns
- Chinese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Chinese terms written in foreign scripts
- Hong Kong Cantonese
- Mandarin Chinese
- Fala terms derived from Late Latin
- Fala terms derived from Latin
- Fala terms with IPA pronunciation
- Rhymes:Fala/al
- Rhymes:Fala/al/2 syllables
- Fala lemmas
- Fala adjectives
- Fala nouns
- Fala countable nouns
- Fala masculine nouns
- French terms borrowed from Late Latin
- French terms derived from Late Latin
- French terms derived from Latin
- French 2-syllable words
- French terms with IPA pronunciation
- French terms with audio links
- French lemmas
- French adjectives
- French nouns
- French countable nouns
- French masculine nouns
- Galician terms borrowed from Late Latin
- Galician terms derived from Late Latin
- Galician terms derived from Latin
- Galician lemmas
- Galician adjectives
- Galician nouns
- Galician countable nouns
- Galician masculine nouns
- Ladin lemmas
- Ladin adjectives
- Lombard terms with IPA pronunciation
- Lombard lemmas
- Lombard adjectives
- Piedmontese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Piedmontese lemmas
- Piedmontese adjectives
- Piedmontese nouns
- Piedmontese masculine nouns
- Portuguese terms borrowed from Late Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Late Latin
- Portuguese terms derived from Latin
- Portuguese doublets
- Portuguese 2-syllable words
- Portuguese terms with IPA pronunciation
- Portuguese 3-syllable words
- Rhymes:Portuguese/al
- Rhymes:Portuguese/al/2 syllables
- Rhymes:Portuguese/aw
- Portuguese lemmas
- Portuguese adjectives
- Portuguese nouns
- Portuguese countable nouns
- Portuguese masculine nouns
- Romanian terms borrowed from French
- Romanian terms derived from French
- Romanian terms borrowed from Late Latin
- Romanian terms derived from Late Latin
- Romanian terms suffixed with -al
- Romanian terms with IPA pronunciation
- Romanian lemmas
- Romanian adjectives
- Spanish terms borrowed from Late Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Late Latin
- Spanish terms derived from Latin
- Spanish doublets
- Spanish 2-syllable words
- Spanish terms with IPA pronunciation
- Spanish terms with audio links
- Rhymes:Spanish/al
- Rhymes:Spanish/al/2 syllables
- Spanish lemmas
- Spanish adjectives
- Spanish epicene adjectives
- Spanish nouns
- Spanish countable nouns
- Spanish masculine nouns
- Mexican Spanish